Fig. 3. Immunohistochemistry for doublecortin (DCX) in the dentate gyrus of the vehicle (A, B), scopolamine (SCO) (C, D), SCO+vanillin (E, F), and SCO+4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) (G, H) groups. In the vehicle group, DCX-immunoreactive cells (arrowheads) have well-developed dendrites that extend into the molecular layer (ML, arrows). A few DCX-immunoreactive cells with short dendrites are found in the SCO group; however, numbers of DCX-immunoreactive cells and their dendrites are reversed in both SCO+vanillin and SCO+4-HBA group. GCL, granule cell layer; PL, polymorphic layer. Scale bars=100 (A, C, E, G) µm, 50 (B, D, F, H) µm. (I) The mean number of DCX-immunoreactive cells per group (n=14 per group; ^*P<0.05, significantly different from the vehicle group, ^#P<0.05, significantly different from the SCO group). The bars indicate the means± SEM.