Table 3.
Median (interquartile range) change over three months between study groups.
| Variable | Control group (n = 93) |
Intervention group (n = 96) |
Intervention + walnut group (n = 74)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | −1.60 (−2.50 – −0.10)a | −2.00 (−4.00 – −0.35)a, b | −2.45 (−5.23 – −0.48)b | 0.011 |
| Energy (kJ) | −1752 (−3469 – −45) | −2047 (−3769 – −640) | −1591 (−2637 – −641) | 0.295 |
| Fish and seafood products and dishes (kJ) | 3 (−87 – 166) | 2 (−70 – 177) | 87 (−27 – 232) | 0.162 |
| Fruit products and dishes (kJ) | 52 (−93 – 238)a | 125 (−180 – 382)a, b | 196 (−29 – 355)b | 0.042 |
| Vegetable products and dishes (kJ) | 19 (−310 – 275) | 24 (−159 – 268) | 56 (−231 – 383) | 0.544 |
| Discretionary foods and beverages (kJ) | −758 (−1982 – −159)a | −1155 (−2654 – −346)a, b | −1457 (−2441 – −606)b | 0.020 |
| MET-mins/week† | 489 (−196.5 – 1457) | 401 (−150 – 1257) | 1095 (198 – 1846) | 0.083 |
| DASS-21‡ | −1 (−5–2) | −1 (−6 – 2) | −1 (−6 – 1) | 0.667 |
| SF12 Physical component summary§ | 1 (−2 – 5) | 0 (−3 – 3) | 2 (−2 – 6) | 0.639 |
| SF12 Mental component summary§ | 2 (−1 – 7) | 1 (−4 – 7) | 2 (−2 – 8) | 0.094 |
Superscripts indicate significant differences between groups (a, b) after Bonferroni adjustment
*Analysis restricted to Intervention + walnut participants who consumed at least 80% of the provided walnuts
† Available sample size: control (n = 90), intervention (n = 91), intervention + walnut (n = 71)
‡ Available sample size: control (n = 92), intervention (n = 93), intervention + walnut (n = 74)
§ Available sample size: control (n = 91), intervention (n = 94), intervention + walnut (n = 72)