Table 4.
Median (interquartile range) change over 12 months between study groups.
| Variable | Control group (n = 60) |
Intervention group (n = 43) |
Intervention + walnut group (n = 23)* | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | −1.10 (−4.18 – 0.50)a | −2.40 (−7.70 – 0.90)a, b | −4.60 (−10.70 – −1.20)b | 0.026 |
| Energy (kJ) | −1508 (−3115 – 137) | −1710 (−3279 – −210) | −561 (−1988 – 651) | 0.111 |
| Fish and seafood products and dishes (kJ) | 0 (−158 – 83) | 0 (−92 – 96) | 0 (−156 – 433) | 0.759 |
| Fruit products and dishes (kJ) | 12 (−223 – 126) | 22 (−327 – 209) | 71 (−101 – 304) | 0.526 |
| Vegetable products and dishes (kJ) | −10 (−257 – 251) | −19 (−250 – 203) | −38 (−526 – 330) | 1.000 |
| Discretionary foods and beverages (kJ) | −647 (−2392 – 212) | −943 (−2025 – −56) | −608 (−1358 – 270) | 0.624 |
| MET-mins/week† | 840 (−80 – 2247) | 548 (−68 – 1643) | 948 (−238 – 3095) | 0.696 |
| DASS-21‡ | −2 (−5 – 1) | −1 (−6 – 4) | −1 (−6 – 2) | 0.869 |
| SF12 Physical component summary§ | 3 (−1 – 8) | 2 (−1 – 5) | 2 (−2 – 9) | 0.526 |
| SF12 Mental component summary§ | 3 (−3 – 7) | 2 (−3 – 6) | 1 (−1 – 7) | 0.862 |
Superscripts indicate significant differences between groups (a, b) after Bonferroni adjustment
*Analysis restricted to Intervention + walnut participants who consumed at least 80% of the provided walnuts
† Available sample size: control (n = 55), intervention (n = 38), intervention + walnut (n = 22)
‡ Available sample size: control (n = 46), intervention (n = 33), intervention + walnut (n = 20)
§ Available sample size: control (n = 59), intervention (n = 41), intervention + walnut (n = 23)