Flow cytometry histograms of AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs (A; upper and lower panels, respectively) showing positive staining of most cells for the MSC markers, CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105 (dark line; ≥99% cells for all antibodies by detection of AF488 conjugate or FITC conjugate). Signal from isotype controls is shown by the gray peak and unstained curves were omitted for simplicity. (B) Results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of the MSC markers, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105, and (C) the endothelial markers, CD31 and CD144, and the hematopoietic marker, CD45, in AT-MSCs and BM-MSCs. All results are shown as mean ± SEM; n = 3 animals. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.005. AU, arbitrary units; ND, not detected; SEM, standard error of the mean.