FIG. 7.

Hybrid model fitting demonstration for ensemble of densely reported noisy synthetic data. For an ensemble of 39 synthetic patient data sets, the average RMS error in patient pain levels gradually decreases. Iteration 0 indicates one fit to the mechanistic model alone. Subsequent iterations indicate the number of hybrid model (statistical+mechanistic) fits. Training error (or fit error) is on the left; test error (or validation error) is on the right. Due to the additive white noise of magnitude 1, the smallest testing or training error we could expect is 1. RMS, root-mean-square.