Table 1.
Characteristics of hospitals offering RAS in 2010 and those that adopted RAS by 2012.
| Hospital characteristic | Offering RAS in 2010 on site
|
Adoption of RAS by 2012 (among those without technology in 2010)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | n | % | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 3,963 | 20.1 | 2,795 | 9.8 | N/A |
| Organizational structure | |||||
| Government, nonfederal | 911 | 10.1 | 743 | 4.2 | 0.56 (0.35 – 0.89) |
| Nongovernment, nonprofit | 2,402 | 25.4 | 1,635 | 11.6 | 1.00 |
| Investor | 576 | 14.6 | 377 | 12.7 | 1.00 (0.65 – 1.53) |
| Government, federal | 74 | 10.8** | 40 | 15.0** | 0.60 (0.20 – 1.82) |
| Teaching hospital | |||||
| Yes | 293 | 73.0 | 70 | 35.7 | 2.31 (1.20 – 4.45) |
| No | 3,670 | 15.8** | 2,725 | 9.1** | 1.00 |
| Accredited by American | |||||
| College of Surgeons | |||||
| Yes | 1,284 | 48.3 | 596 | 24.7 | 1.14 (0.82 – 1.59) |
| No | 2,679 | 6.5** | 2,199 | 5.8** | 1.00 |
| Electronic health record | |||||
| Yes (fully/partially implemented) | 2,943 | 24.0 | 2,064 | 11.2 | 1.47 (0.94 – 2.31) |
| No | 546 | 5.9** | 731 | 3.8** | 1.00 |
| Missing | 474 | 12.0 | |||
| Oncology services | |||||
| Yes | 2,368 | 32.2 | 1,440 | 16.2 | 1.14 (0.74 – 1.74) |
| No | 1,595 | 2.0** | 1,355 | 3.0** | 1.00 |
| Diversity plan/program | |||||
| Yes | 2,354 | 28.9 | 1,510 | 12.8 | 0.97 (0.68 – 1.43) |
| No | 1,226 | 7.1 | 1,018 | 5.1 | 1.00 |
| Missing | 383 | 7.3** | 267 | 10.9** | 2.26 (1.23 – 4.16) |
| Medical/surgical ICU | |||||
| Yes | 2,914 | 26.6 | 1,905 | 13.8 | 1.14 (0.56 – 2.31) |
| No | 1,049 | 1.9** | 890 | 1.4** | 1.00 |
| Number of inpatient surgeries | |||||
| Q1 (0 – 87) | 784 | 0.1 | 700 | 0.3 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (88 – 567) | 816 | 0.5 | 698 | 1.6 | 2.76 (0.57 – 13.44) |
| Q3 (568 – 1677) | 854 | 5.2 | 699 | 8.2 | 7.74 (1.62 – 37.08) |
| Q4 (1678+) | 1,509 | 49.4** | 698 | 29.2** | 22.82 (4.65 – 111.95) |
| Part of network | |||||
| Yes | 1,510 | 25.0 | 1,032 | 11.1 | 1.12 (0.83 – 1.50) |
| No | 2,453 | 17.0** | 1,763 | 9.0 | 1.00 |
| Core Based Statistical Area | |||||
| Division | 547 | 36.8 | 282 | 20.6 | 1.23 (0.82 – 1.83) |
| Metropolitan areas | 1,735 | 32.1 | 1,013 | 16.5 | 1.00 |
| Micropolitan areas | 715 | 4.8 | 623 | 6.9 | 0.62 (0.39 – 0.96) |
| Rural areas | 966 | 0.4** | 877 | 0.7** | 0.26 (0.10 – 0.68) |
| Region | |||||
| New England | 162 | 26.5 | 100 | 7.0 | 0.61 (0.22 – 1.65) |
| Mid Atlantic | 341 | 31.1 | 209 | 12.9 | 0.74 (0.37 – 1.49) |
| South Atlantic | 583 | 26.1 | 363 | 13.2 | 1.39 (0.75 – 2.57) |
| East North Central | 637 | 22.5 | 447 | 10.5 | 1.16 (0.63 – 2.14) |
| East South Central | 350 | 16.0 | 255 | 11.4 | 2.51 (1.26 – 5.02) |
| West North Central | 575 | 9.7 | 489 | 4.1 | 1.00 |
| West South Central | 632 | 13.5 | 492 | 9.8 | 1.60 (0.85 – 2.99) |
| Mountain | 291 | 20.3 | 207 | 10.6 | 2.50 (1.21 – 5.16) |
| Pacific | 383 | 24.8** | 233 | 11.2** | 1.05 (0.53 – 2.10) |
| Advanced imaging | |||||
| 0 | 1,414 | 2.4 | 1,187 | 1.9 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 884 | 10.9 | 698 | 9.6 | 1.99 (1.16 – 3.41) |
| 2 | 748 | 23.1 | 516 | 15.7 | 2.42 (1.39 – 4.19) |
| 3 | 430 | 40.9 | 233 | 24.0 | 3.38 (1.86 – 6.14) |
| 4 | 297 | 53.2 | 131 | 27.5 | 3.10 (1.61 – 5.97) |
| 5 | 190 | 83.2** | 30 | 36.7** | 4.38 (1.71 – 11.18) |
| Distance to nearest hospital with RAS (miles) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 989*** | 45.7** | 699**** | 21.0 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 | 987 | 20.4 | 697 | 8.5 | 0.96 (0.65 – 1.42) |
| Quartile 3 | 988 | 9.9 | 701 | 5.3 | 1.06 (0.64 – 1.74) |
| Quartile 4 | 988 | 4.4 | 698 | 4.4** | 1.00 (0.59 – 1.73) |
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.001
New England: ME,NH,VT,MA,RI,CT; Mid Atlantic: NY,NJ,PA; South Atlantic: DE,MD,DC,VA,NC,SC,GA,FL; East North Central: OH,IN,IL,MI,WI; East South Central: KY,TN,AL,MS; West North Central: MN,IA,MO,ND,SD,NE,KS; West South Central: AR,LA,OK,TX; Mountain: MT,ID,WY,CO,NM,AZ,UT,NV; Pacific: WA,OR,CA,AK,HI; Associated areas: Marshall Islands, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands
***
Q1: 0 – 6.2; Q2: 6.3 – 25.0; Q3: 25.1 - 49.8; Q4: 49.9 miles
****
Q1: 0 - 13.1 ; Q2: 13.2 - 32.4 ; Q3: 32.5 - 57.3 ; Q4: 57.4+ miles