TABLE 3.
Bivariate Analysis
| Diabetes, No CBP | Diabetes and CBP | Diabetes, CBP, and Spinal Surgery | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients with diabetes by category (n [%]) | 57,064 (100.0) | 9,137 (100.0) | 931 (100.0) | |
| Type 1 diabetes (n [%]) | 4,461 (7.8) | 423 (4.6) | 40 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes (n [%]) | 52,603 (92.2) | 8,714 (95.5) | 891 (95.7) | <0.001 |
| Female sex (n [%]) | 24,359 (42.7) | 4,497 (49.2) | 369 (39.6) | <0.001 |
| Neuropathy (n [%]) | 7,637 (13.4) | 1,837 (20.1) | 298 (32.0) | <0.001 |
| Retinopathy (n [%]) | 5,811 (10.2) | 1,346 (14.7) | 138 (14.8) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (n [%]) | 35,840 (62.8) | 7,310 (80.0) | 825 (88.6) | <0.001 |
| Insulin use (n [%]) | 26,255 (46.0) | 4,185 (45.8) | 472 (50.7) | <0.001 |
| Metformin use (n [%]) | 21,912 (38.4) | 4,558 (49.9) | 523 (56.2) | <0.001 |
| Age at diabetes diagnosis (years) | 63.1 | 63.5 | 63.7 | 0.0326 |
| Diabetes duration (days) | 2,554.6 | 2,857.0 | 3,065.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.1 | 36.7 | 36.6 | <0.001 |
| A1C (%)* | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.8 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 122.8 | 168.7 | 166.6 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 40.9 | 38.5 | 36.7 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)* | 256.0 | 314.0 | 364.3 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)* | 214.9 | 235.9 | 237.7 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL)* | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine (mg/g)* | 306.5 | 352.4 | 255.2 | 0.080 |
*
Mean of highest (or lowest, in the case of HDL) recorded value. Boldface P values indicate statistical significance.