Table 6.

2SLS Estimates: One Year Mortality: Selected Subgroups

		OLS	2SLS	Sample Size	90D SNF Admission Rate
		(1)	(2)
Age
65–74	90D-IP	−0.015 (0.0036)	−0.050 (0.0188)	350,714	0.351
	90D-Non-IP	−0.004 (0.0042)	0.055 (0.0263)
75–84	90D-IP	−0.010 (0.0027)	−0.060 (0.0132)	714,561	0.472
	90D-Non-IP	−0.005 (0.0033)	0.044 (0.0189)
85+	90D-IP	−0.006 (0.0031)	−0.029 (0.0142)	670,134	0.593
	90D-Non-IP	−0.002 (0.0032)	0.065 (0.0182)
Diagnosis Category
Circulatory	90D-IP	−0.016 (0.0039)	−0.050 (0.0193)	340,535	0.382
	90D-Non-IP	−0.006 (0.0046)	0.064 (0.0297)
Respiratory	90D-IP	−0.014 (0.0039)	−0.059 (0.0168)	430,311	0.477
	90D-Non-IP	−0.006 (0.0041)	0.042 (0.0223)
Digestive	90D-IP	−0.024 (0.0075)	−0.100 (0.0395)	115,487	0.384
	90D-Non-IP	−0.007 (0.0081)	−0.027 (0.0551)
Injury	90D-IP	−0.005 (0.0037)	−0.051 (0.0205)	314,114	0.711
	90D-Non-IP	0.006 (0.0044)	0.072 (0.0292)
Other	90D-IP	−0.002 (0.0031)	−0.015 (0.0130)	534,962	0.474
	90D-Non-IP	−0.006 (0.0036)	0.056 (0.0194)

Notes: All spending measures are trimmed of outliers and then risk-standardized by age, race and gender. Risk-standardized spending measures have been demeaned and scaled by 2 standard deviations. Thus, the reported coefficients reflect a difference of ±1 standard deviations from the mean (i.e., “low” vs. “high” spending). Means (SDs) for spending variables: 90D Inpatient Total = $15,876 (3,113); 90D Non-Inpatient Total = $10,557 (1,585). Models include ZIP × patient origin fixed effects, as well as year and principal diagnosis controls and all patient and ambulance controls as listed in Table 1. Standard errors, clustered at the Health Service Area (HSA) level, are reported in parentheses. The last column reports 90-day SNF utilization rates for each subgruop.

Source: 2002–2012 Medicare Part A and B Data