Table A5.

One Year Mortality: OLS and 2SLS Estimates Across Different 90D Spending Measures and Hospital Characteristics

		(1)	(2)	(3)
Panel A. OLS
		365D Mort.	365D Mort.	365D Mort.
	90D Inpatient	−0.001 (0.0020)	−0.007 (0.0022)	−0.010 (0.0019)
	90D Non-Inpatient	0.003 (0.0023)	−0.001 (0.0022)	−0.000 (0.0022)
	Volume	−0.010 (0.0017)
	Teaching Hospital		−0.006 (0.0017)
	For-Profit			0.004(0.0021)
Panel B. 2SLS
	90D Inpatient	−0.044 (0.0100)	−0.051 (0.0105)	−0.050 (0.0088)
	90D Non-Inpatient	0.051 (0.0130)	0.052 (0.0129)	0.052 (0.0130)
	Volume	−0.013 (0.0054)
	Teaching Hospital		0.001 (0.0065)
	For-Profit			0.010 (0.0083)
	Sample Size
	Outcome Mean

Notes: Each column reports model results based on a single regression utilizing hospital measures of total spending over 90 days after the index admission, as well as hospital characteristics as defined in the text. All spending measures are trimmed of outliers and then risk-standardized by age, race and gender. Risk-standardized spending measures have been demeaned and scaled by 2 standard deviations. Thus, the reported coefficients reflect a difference of ±1 standard deviations from the mean (i.e., “low” vs. “high” spending). Means (SDs) for spending variables: 90D Inpatient Total = $15,876 (3,113); 90D Non-Inpatient Total = $10,557 (1,585). Models without patient controls include ZIP × patient origin fixed effects, as well as year and principal diagnosis controls (see Table A1 for a full list); models with patient controls adds all patient and ambulance controls as listed in Table 1, with age controls in 5-year bins. Standard errors, clustered at the Health Service Area (HSA) level, are reported in parentheses.

Source: 2002–2012 Medicare Part A and B Data