. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Crit Care Med. 2017 Aug;45(8):e749–e757. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002372

Table 2.

Patient Outcomes by Fluid Balance

Characteristic	No (%)
Characteristic	Negative FB (N=4,804)	Even FB (N=5,096)	Positive FB (N=8,184)	P value
AKI during hospitalization^*	3,626 (75.4)	4,081 (80.1)	7,522 (91.9)	<0.001
AKI severity
Stage 1	1,155 (24)	1,044 (20.5)	1,044 (12.8)	<0.001
Stage 2	1,847 (38.5)	2,218 (43.5)	3,482 (42.6)
Stage 3	624 (13)	819 (16.1)	2,996 (36.6)
Oliguria during hospitalization^§	3,096 (64.4)	3,688 (72.4)	7,074 (86.4)	<0.001
RRT requirement	89 (1.9)	295 (5.8)	1,161 (14.2)	<0.001
Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR)	13 (8–22)	12 (8–19)	20 (12–33)	<0.001
Mortality
Hospital	257 (5.4)	454 (8.9)	1,835 (22.4)	<0.001
1 year	971 (20.2)	1,120 (22)	3,283 (40.1)	<0.001

Abbreviations: AKI – Acute Kidney Injury; RRT – Renal Replacement Therapy; FB – Fluid Balance; IQR – Interquartile range

AKI defined and classified according to the maximum Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria based on serum creatinine, urine output or both (17).

^§

Patients were classified to have developed oliguria according to the maximum Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria based on urine output (17).