Genes highlighted in this review that affect the timing, duration, or EEG characteristics of sleep.
1a) Mutations in CK1δ, CRY2, PER2, and PER3 have all been shown to shift the timing of sleep forward in their carriers, causing Familial Advanced Sleep Phase (FASP).
1b) DEC2 mutations have been linked to reduced sleep length or sleep deprivation resistant traits. Carriers of one mutation require only around six hours of sleep per night. This trait was named as Natural Short-Sleep (NSS).
1c) Multiple genes have been implicated in changing the EEG characteristics of sleep, primarily through affecting changes in Slow-Wave Amplitude (SWA) or the spectral power of the delta (.25–4 Hz) and theta (6–8 Hz) bands