Table 1.

sleep related genetic variations highlighted in this review

Genes	Pathology	Experimental Design	Associated SNP, Allele, or Mutation	Notes
Csnk1d	FASP & Migraine	Candidate gene sequencing	T44A and H46R	Autosomal-dominant transmission; validation in in vitro and mice models
PER2	FASP	Linkage analysis and Candidate gene sequencing	S662G	Autosomal-dominant transmission; validation in in vitro and mice models
PER3	FASP & SAD (seasonal affective disorder)	Candidate gene sequencing	P415A/H417R	Autosomal-dominant transmission; validation in in vitro and mice models
CRY2	FASP	Candidate gene sequencing	A260T	Autosomal-dominant transmission; validation in in vitro and mice models
DEC2	NSS	Candidate gene sequencing	P384R and Y362H	Only P384R was tested in mice models.
ABCC9	NSS	GWAS	rs11046205 A in intron	Potentially affected the expression levels; not fully testified.
PER3	EEG variations & SAD (seasonal affective disorder)	polymorphism described in previous studies	54-nucleotide variable number tandem repeat	PER3(5/5) carriers showed increaseddelta activities in NREM sleep and a greater detrimental impact of sleep deprivation.
ADA	EEG variations &Multiple Sclerosis & Depression	polymorphism described in previous studies	D8N	Carriers had deeper sleep and were under higher sleep pressure.
ADORA2A	EEG variations&acute anxiogenic response to caffeine	polymorphism described in previous studies	polymorphisms at 3′ UTR	Power in the high-theta/low-alpha range was invariably enhanced in the carriers in NREM, REM sleep, and wakefulness. Power in the waking EEG was higher in frequency bins between 11.5 – 17.5 Hz.
BDNF	EEG variations & autism spectrum disorders	polymorphism described in previous studies	V66M	Carriers showed reduced SWS and decreased spectral power in specific bands at different stages of NREM sleep.