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. 2017 Jul 14;7:5482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05753-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Biolaminites associated with Cloudina. (A) Polished hand sample showing the layer with microbial mat textures (white double-headed arrow) and the dark mudstone (black double-headed arrow). (B) Polished hand sample with a microbial mat layer (white double-headed arrow) and a dark mudstone layer (black double-headed arrow) and Cloudina oriented vertically (top black arrow) or inside microbial mats (bottom black arrow). (C) Polished hand sample with oxidized microbial mat textures (white double-headed arrow) associated with a Cloudina tube in cross-section (black arrow) and a mudstone layer above (black double-headed arrow). (D) Polished hand sample with microbial mat textures (white double-headed arrow) showing dark crenulated laminations (black arrow). (E) Thin section of microbial mat textures (white double-headed arrows) with an oxidation front (white arrow) and interbedded mudstones (black double-headed arrow). (F) Thin section demonstrating the presence of Cloudina inside crenulated laminations (black square and white double-headed arrow) at the base and associated with Cloudina (top black arrows) in a mudstone layer (black double-headed arrow). (G) Magnification of the black square in (F), showing a small individual of Cloudina inside the laminations and showing internal tubular structures (white arrow). (H) Thin section of the microbial mat textures showing dark lamination (white arrow) overlying occasional quartz grains (black arrow). (I) Microfossil of cyanobacteria. (J) Dark crenulated laminations (white arrows) of the microbialite associated with Cloudina. (K) Raman mapping of the region shown in (J) showing the presence of the “G” band of kerogen (green) mainly in the laminations (white arrows). Scale bars (A,B) 1 cm, (C,E,F) 2 mm, (D, G,H) 1 mm, (I) 20 µm (J,K) 0.2 mm.