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. 2017 Jul 14;7:5482. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05753-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Model for the origin of calcite cement, organic-rich material and intercrystalline goethite between the walls of Cloudina. (A) Longitudinal section of the flanges of a Cloudina living on the water/sediment interface and/or microbial mats. 1: microbial mass; 2: early marine micrite; 3: flange; 4: central canal of the tube. (B) Burial and prevention of sediment infilling inside the flanges. (C) Early diagenesis with anaerobic decomposition (5) and recrystallization of micrite to microspar and pseudospar (6). (D) Posterior diagenetic processes of cement obliteration with precipitation of sparry calcite encasing goethite into intercrystalline spaces (7) inside the flanges and precipitation of sparry calcite in the central canal of the tube (8).