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. 2017 Feb 16;65(4):347–353. doi: 10.1007/s00005-017-0455-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Effects of sildenafil on osteopontin (OPN) production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Experiments were performed on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin-stimulated and unstimulated PBMCs after incubation with sildenafil (at concentrations of 400 ng/ml and 4 µg/ml). The level of OPN in supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, mean ± SD). Statistically significant differences were considered when p<0.05 for Student’s t test on 16 PBMCs samples. **p < 0.001 (unstimulated PBMCs vs. PMA + ionomycin-stimulated PBMCs with and without sildenafil incubation). *p < 0.05 (PBMCs + PMA + ionomycin vs. PBMCs + PMA + ionomycin + sildenafil 400 ng/ml, PBMCs + PMA + ionomycin vs. PBMCs + PMA + ionomycin + sildenafil 4 µg/ml and PBMCs + PMA + ionomycin + sildenafil 400 ng/ml vs. PBMCs + PMA + ionomycin + sildenafil 4 µg/ml)