Table 2.

Race-ethnicity specific association of tertiles of hepatocyte growth factor and cardiovascular disease risk factors

	African American				Chinese American				Hispanic American				Non-Hispanic white American
Characteristics	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p Value	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p Value	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p Value	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	p Value
HGF Range (pg/mL)	342.6–813.9	814.3–999.6	1000.0–2151.8		292.4–738.3	738.3–892.1	892.4–2135.9		317.7–903.2	903.7–1112.9	1113.4–2094.1		313.6–783.5	783.6–993.1	993.2–2117.0
Age, years	59.1 (9.3)	62.3 (9.9)	65.0 (10.0)	<0.001	57.9 (9.5)	62.6 (9.3)	66.6 (10.3)	<0.001	58.0 (9.4)	61.3 (9.9)	64.3 (10.7)	<0.001	59.3 (9.5)	62.6 (10.1)	65.9 (10.1)	<0.001
Sex, % female	50	61	55	0.39	52	48	54	0.64	49	52	55	0.08	47	52	57	<0.001
Body Mass Index, kg/m2	29.3 (5.3)	30.4 (5.9)	30.7 (6.2)	<0.001	23.2 (2.9)	24.2 (3.3)	24.5 (3.6)	<0.001	28.2 (4.5)	29.2 (4.6)	30.9 (5.7)	<0.001	26.4 (4.3)	27.6 (4.9)	29.2 (5.5)	<0.001
Education				<0.001				<0.001				0.33				<0.001
≤11th grade	9	11	15		16	26	33		39	50	46		3	5	7
High school graduate	16	19	23		12	18	19		21	18	23		14	15	22
Some college	35	34	36		25	16	19		30	22	24		23	29	33
Bachelor’s degree	21	19	13		28	22	18		5	7	5		27	23	17
Graduate/professional school	20	17	13		20	18	11		6	4	3		33	29	20
Income				0.002				0.08				0.10				<0.001
< $25,000	22	32	37		41	49	60		44	50	55		11	14	23
$25,000 – $50,000	31	32	34		22	21	23		35	33	31		23	26	32
$50,000 – $100,000	37	27	23		24	19	12		19	15	12		33	35	30
≥ $100,000	10	9	6		13	11	6		3	3	2		33	25	15
Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg	128.4 (20.0)	131.6 (22.2)	135.2 (22.1)	0.01	118.6 (18.8)	125.6 (21.7)	129.8 (22.7)	0.02	121.0 (19.4)	126.9 (21.2)	131.8 (23.2)	<0.001	119.3 (18.7)	122.7 (19.9)	128.4 (21.7)	<0.001
Hypertension, % Yes	49	59	70	<0.001	25	38	49	0.001	30	41	53	<0.001	29	36	50	<0.001
Diabetes Mellitus, % Yes	11	17	24	<0.001	6	13	20	<0.001	8	19	25	<0.001	2	5	11	<0.001
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL	190.0 (35.6)	192.8 (36.8)	186.0 (35.6)	<0.001	194.0 (32.8)	190.1 (32.0)	194.1 (30.5)	0.47	202.4 (38.0)	200.9 (37.9)	191.6 (35.5)	<0.001	195.3 (33.3)	197.3 (36.1)	194.9 (35.8)	0.31
HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL	54.1 (15.4)	52.3 (15.4)	50.8 (14.7)	<0.001	51.3 (13.7)	49.1 (11.8)	48.1 (12.3)	<0.001	49.2 (13.9)	47.4 (12.9)	46.4 (12.2)	<0.001	54.2 (16.7)	52.2 (15.4)	50.4 (14.7)	<0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dL	97.2 (75.2)	107.3 (70.3)	109.9 (59.5)	<0.001	133.0 (83.7)	135.3 (72.2)	160.5 (94.9)	<0.001	155.6 (111.6)	162.4 (109.2)	154.5 (80.9)	0.82	117.8 (69.4)	133.6 (105.1)	147.3 (90.6)	<0.001
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.0 (0.2)	1.0 (0.2)	1.0 (0.3)	<0.001	0.9 (0.2)	0.9 (0.2)	0.9 (0.3)	0.03	0.9 (0.2)	0.9 (0.2)	0.9 (0.4)	0.68	0.9 (0.2)	1.0 (0.2)	1.0 (0.2)	<0.001
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)	88.4 (17.0)	85.9 (18.5)	84.8 (21.7)	0.43	85.2 (14.1)	83.0 (16.4)	78.7 (18.5)	0.3	83.6 (15.8)	83.9 (17.4)	82.7 (21.0)	0.005	78.3 (20.4)	75.6 (13.8)	73.8 (15.9)	0.15
Current Smoker, % Yes	13	17	23	<0.001	3	6	8	<0.001	9	14	18	<0.001	8	11	15	<0.001
Current Use of Alcohol, % Yes	52	51	46	0.58	34	32	28	0.45	51	49	43	0.56	76	73	66	<0.001
Antilipidemic Therapy, % Yes	15	16	19	0.91	9	14	20	0.02	12	13	14	0.22	15	18	22	0.008
Statin Use, % Yes	14	15	18	0.89	9	12	17	0.4	11	12	13	0.25	14	16	20	0.05
Hypertension Medication Use, % Yes	40	49	62	<0.001	18	28	40	<0.001	24	31	42	<0.001	24	33	42	<0.001
Calcium Channel Blockers, % Yes	18	17	28	0.005	5	10	14	0.03	9	9	14	0.03	6	6	11	0.01
Angiotensin Type 2 Antagonists	4	3	5	0.36	3	4	9	0.07	1	3	4	0.02	2	2	4	0.1
Aspirin Use, % Yes	29	30	33	0.51	10	21	24	0.03	23	26	30	0.61	35	41	42	0.55
Diabetes Medication Use, % Yes	80	74	83	0.31	67	79	72	0.85	66	84	82	0.12	47	70	75	0.26
Diuretic Use, % Yes	18	21	26	0.17	2	5	6	0.004	5	8	12	0.004	7	12	21	<0.001
Females Only
Hormone Replacement Therapy, % Yes	55	45	40	0.004	44	31	28	0.09	45	41	34	0.76	68	69	57	<0.001
Post-menopause, % Yes	82	85	87	0.65	78	85	94	0.55	82	90	90	0.95	79	85	90	0.33

GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor.

p Values from a linear regression model adjusted for age and sex.