Table 3.

Association of hepatocyte growth factor and subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic disease

	Pooled Sample		Race/Ethnicity Interaction p Value	African American		Chinese American		Hispanic American		Non-Hispanic white American
	*Beta (S.E.)	p Value		Beta (S.E.)	p Value	Beta (S.E.)	p Value	Beta (S.E.)	p Value	Beta (S.E.)	p Value
CAC, Agatston Score
Model 1	65 (8)	<0.001	0.031	71 (18)	<0.001	31 (19)	0.097	38 (19)	0.044	86 (13)	<0.001
Model 2	37 (8.9)	<0.001	0.022	51 (19)	0.007	−2.5 (19)	0.90	17 (20)	0.39	55 (14)	<0.001
CAC>0, Agatston Score
Model 1	37 (9)	<0.001	0.041	62 (20)	0.002	−3 (19)	0.87	14 (21)	0.50	46 (13)	<0.001
Model 2	23 (10)	0.016	0.028	53 (21)	0.011	−24 (19)	0.22	11 (22)	0.62	33 (15)	0.025
Common Carotid IMT, mm
Model 1	0.009 (0.002)	<0.001	0.53	0.007 (0.004)	0.13	0.015 (0.007)	0.042	0.008 (0.004)	0.069	0.01 (0.004)	0.005
Model 2	−0.001 (0.002)	0.81	0.74	0.002 (0.005)	0.62	0.001 (0.007)	0.88	−0.009 (0.005)	0.84	−0.004 (0.004)	0.28
Internal Carotid IMT, mm
Model 1	0.06 (0.007)	<0.001	<0.001	0.036 (0.015)	0.015	0.05 (0.02)	0.014	0.03 (0.014)	0.035	0.098 (0.012)	<0.001
Model 2	0.036 (0.008)	<0.001	<0.001	0.014 (0.015)	0.35	0.029 (0.021)	0.18	0.008 (0.015)	0.60	0.071 (0.013)	<0.001
	OR (95% CI)	p Value		OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Presence of Plaque
Model 1	1.19 (1.13–1.26)	<0.001	0.35	1.11 (1.0 – 1.24)	0.045	1.21 (0.99–1.48)	0.070	1.18 (1.06–1.32)	0.004	1.26 (1.15–1.38)	<0.001
Model 2	1.10 (1.04–1.17)	0.002	0.37	1.04 (0.93–1.16)	0.52	1.10 (0.89–1.37)	0.38	1.12 (0.99–1.27)	0.064	1.14 (1.04–1.26)	0.007
Any CAC, Agatston Score
Model 1	1.24 (1.16–1.31)	<0.001	0.052	1.15 (1.03–1.28)	0.012	1.31 (1.07–1.60)	0.009	1.14 (1.01–1.28)	0.029	1.39 (1.26–1.53)	<0.001
Model 2	1.12 (1.05–1.19)	<0.001	0.11	1.07 (0.96–1.20)	0.22	1.13 (0.92–1.39)	0.25	1.05 (0.93–1.20)	0.43	1.23 (1.10–1.36)	<0.001
Number of CHD Events	529			134		48		109		238
Total Person-Years	72833			19552		8805		15709		28767
Crude CHD Rate, per 1,000 person-years	7.3			6.9		5.5		6.9		8.3
	HR (95% CI)	pValue		HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value	HR (95% CI)	p Value
Time to Coronary Heart Disease
Model 1	1.30 (1.20–1.41)	<0.001	0.24	1.47 (1.27–1.71)	<0.001	1.32 (0.98–1.77)	0.067	1.13 (0.95–1.35)	0.17	1.30 (1.15–1.47)	<0.001
Model 2	1.20 (1.10–1.31)	<0.001	0.18	1.41 (1.20–1.66)	<0.001	1.17 (0.84–1.62)	0.36	1.06 (0.87–1.28)	0.56	1.17 (1.02–1.33)	0.026

CAC, coronary artery calcium; CHD, coronary heart disease; IMT, intima medial thickness.

Results are reported per standard deviation increase in hepatocyte growth factor (SD=259 pg/mL).

Model 1 = age and sex (+ race/ethnicity in pooled analyses).

Model 2 = age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, smoking and diabetes status (+ race/ethnicity in pooled analyses).