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Free energies ΔGele and ΔGtot (a) and ion binding fraction (average number of bound ions per nucleotide) (b) as a function of the crowder volume fraction. The gray dashed line in (b) shows the result for the average net charge for the two types of bound ions per nucleotide. The predictions are for a 12-bp RNA helix in a crowded solution with 0.1M NaCl and 0.01M MgCl2.
