Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by Perceived Stress Latent Class
| Variable | Total (Overall) (N = 1948) | Class = Low (n = 336) | Class = Medium (n = 871) | Class = High (n = 741) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age (years) | 28.23 (5.47) | 28.88 (5.07) | 28.69 (5.38) | 27.40 (5.64) | <0.0001 |
| Gestational Age at enrollment (weeks) | 12.69 (0.96) | 12.68 (0.92) | 12.68 (0.97) | 12.72 (0.97) | 0.38 |
| Gestational Age at delivery (weeks) | 39.32 (1.35) | 39.35 (1.20) | 39.35 (1.35) | 39.27 (1.41) | 0.42 |
| Height (cm) | 162.49 (6.96) | 162.37 (7.08) | 162.54 (6.94) | 162.48 (6.93) | 0.88 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.65 (10.55) | 64.27 (10.36) | 64.31 (10.28) | 65.21 (10.94) | 0.18 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.63 (3.03) | 23.46 (2.91) | 23.46 (3.04) | 23.85 (3.05) | 0.02 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 531 (27.3%) | 125 (37.2%) | 275 (31.6%) | 131 (17.7%) | <0.0001 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 496 (25.5%) | 68 (20.2%) | 184 (21.1%) | 244 (32.9%) | |
| Hispanic | 539 (27.7%) | 84 (25.0%) | 229 (26.3%) | 226 (30.5%) | |
| Asian & Pacific Islander | 382 (19.6%) | 59 (17.6%) | 183 (21.0%) | 140 (18.9%) | |
| Parity | |||||
| Nulliparity N (%) | 952 (48.9%) | 167 (49.7%) | 446 (51.2%) | 339 (45.7%) | 0.09 |
| Parity ≥1 N (%) | 996 (51.1%) | 169 (50.3%) | 425 (48.8%) | 402 (54.3%) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never Married | 414 (21.3%) | 53 (15.8%) | 165 (19.0%) | 196 (26.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Married/Living as Married | 1481 (76.1%) | 279 (83.0%) | 690 (79.4%) | 512 (69.1%) | |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 51 (2.6%) | 4 (1.2%) | 14 (1.6%) | 33 (4.5%) | |
| Education (Highest Level) | |||||
| Less than high school | 200 (10.3%) | 22 (6.5%) | 73 (8.4%) | 105 (14.2%) | <0.0001 |
| High school diploma or GED or equivalent | 346 (17.8%) | 50 (14.9%) | 139 (16.0%) | 157 (21.2%) | |
| Some college or Associate degree | 564 (29.0%) | 95 (28.3%) | 235 (27.0%) | 234 (31.6%) | |
| Bachelors degree | 479 (24.6%) | 101 (30.1%) | 234 (26.9%) | 144 (19.4%) | |
| Masters degree or Advanced degree | 359 (18.4%) | 68 (20.2%) | 190 (21.8%) | 101 (13.6%) | |
| Family income | |||||
| ≤$29,999 | 462 (27.5%) | 48 (16.6%) | 182 (23.7%) | 232 (37.4%) | <0.0001 |
| $30,000–49,999 | 284 (16.9%) | 42 (14.5%) | 117 (15.2%) | 125 (20.1%) | |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 202 (12.0%) | 34 (11.8%) | 101 (13.1%) | 67 (10.8%) | |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 232 (13.8%) | 41 (14.2%) | 109 (14.2%) | 82 (13.2%) | |
| ≥$100,000 | 499 (29.7%) | 124 (42.9%) | 260 (33.8%) | 115 (18.5%) | |
| Health insurance | |||||
| Private/managed care | 1132 (58.1%) | 213 (63.4%) | 545 (62.6%) | 374 (50.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid; other | 771 (39.6%) | 120 (35.7%) | 304 (34.9%) | 347 (46.8%) | |
| Self pay | 45 (2.3%) | 3 (0.9%) | 22 (2.5%) | 20 (2.7%) |
GED: General Education Diploma
Data presented as n (%) or mean (SD) [n].