Table 4.
Characteristics for each latent class of depressive symptomatology in the WaTCH Study, Louisiana, 2012–2014 (N=2790).
| Depressive symptoms | Class 1 (N=1928) | Class 2 (N=565) | Class 3 (N=297) | Two sided P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| None | Rare to occasional | Moderate to severe | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| DHOS Exposure | |||||||
| Income loss due to DHOS | 471 | 24.57 | 164 | 29.13 | 94 | 31.76 | 0.01 |
| Participated in DHOS cleanup activities | 32 | 1.66 | 16 | 2.83 | 7 | 2.36 | 0.18 |
| Affected recreational hunting/fishing activities | 633 | 33.04 | 209 | 37.39 | 110 | 37.29 | 0.09 |
| Physical damage to commercial fishing areas | 114 | 5.96 | 42 | 7.46 | 32 | 10.81 | 0.01 |
| Property Loss/Damage due to DHOS or cleanup | 45 | 2.34 | 21 | 3.72 | 4 | 1.35 | 0.07 |
| Frequency and Severity of Smelling Oil | < 0.001 | ||||||
| None | 1222 | 66.56 | 298 | 55.91 | 143 | 50.18 | |
| Low | 191 | 10.40 | 63 | 11.82 | 28 | 9.82 | |
| Medium | 169 | 9.20 | 60 | 11.26 | 30 | 10.53 | |
| High | 254 | 13.83 | 112 | 21.01 | 84 | 29.47 | |
| Other contact with oil | 395 | 20.65 | 134 | 24.10 | 79 | 26.87 | 0.02 |
| Hit harder than others | 95 | 5.02 | 43 | 7.82 | 26 | 8.97 | 0.004 |
| Somewhat/very negative influence on finances | 650 | 34.19 | 248 | 44.60 | 145 | 49.49 | < 0.001 |
| Months Since DHOS (mean, SD) | 38.20 | 4.573 | 38.57 | 4.824 | 38.32 | 4.964 | 0.24 |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||||||
| White | 1148 | 60.39 | 273 | 49.01 | 141 | 48.29 | |
| Black | 620 | 32.61 | 221 | 39.68 | 115 | 39.38 | |
| Other | 133 | 7.00 | 63 | 11.31 | 36 | 12.33 | |
| Age (mean, SD) | 45.92 | 12.098 | 45.13 | 11.676 | 45.10 | 11.91 | 0.27 |
| Education | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Less than High School | 150 | 7.80 | 88 | 15.60 | 88 | 29.73 | |
| High School Graduate | 1127 | 58.61 | 350 | 62.06 | 173 | 58.45 | |
| College or beyond | 646 | 33.59 | 126 | 22.34 | 35 | 11.82 | |
| Annual Household Income | < 0.001 | ||||||
| ≤ $20,000 | 332 | 18.58 | 185 | 35.04 | 128 | 46.72 | |
| $20,001–$40,000 | 347 | 19.42 | 132 | 25.00 | 63 | 22.99 | |
| $40,001–$60,000 | 321 | 17.96 | 69 | 13.07 | 26 | 9.49 | |
| ≥ $60,001 | 787 | 44.04 | 142 | 26.89 | 57 | 20.80 | |
| Marital Status | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Married/Living with Partner | 1307 | 67.90 | 310 | 54.96 | 137 | 46.13 | |
| Never Married/Separated/Divorced/Widowed | 618 | 32.10 | 254 | 45.04 | 160 | 53.87 | |
| Currently Employed | 1191 | 64.17 | 272 | 52.31 | 99 | 37.22 | < 0.001 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Perceived Social Support Score | 4.43 | 1.064 | 3.84 | 1.433 | 3.29 | 1.602 | < 0.001 |
| General Self Efficacy Scale Score | 34.93 | 4.302 | 33.00 | 4.788 | 31.15 | 5.966 | < 0.001 |
| Social Cohesion Score | 9.96 | 2.350 | 8.94 | 2.647 | 8.31 | 3.045 | < 0.001 |
| Informal Social Control Score | 17.14 | 2.924 | 16.29 | 3.272 | 15.67 | 3.951 | < 0.001 |
| Neighborhood Participation Score | 1.28 | 1.557 | 1.02 | 1.604 | 0.93 | 1.455 | < 0.001 |
| CES-D Score | 4.88 | 4.159 | 20.90 | 5.423 | 39.80 | 7.041 | < 0.001 |
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS); Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); Standard Deviation (SD); Women and Their Children’s Health (WaTCH) Study.