Table 2.
Risk factors for the development of CLAD (multivariate analysis adjusted for center effect) by 3 years post-LT.
| Variable | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
| Recipient age | 1.002 (0.998, 1.006) | 0.2288 | 0.971 (0.938, 1.006) | 0.102 | |
| Donor age | 1.002 (0.998, 1.006) | 0.3172 | |||
| Difference of R/D age | 1.000 (0.997, 1.004) | 0.9041 | |||
| Recipient smoking | Yes | 1.128 (0.996, 1.277) | 0.0598 | ||
| Recipient BMI | 1.012 (0.998, 1.025) | 0.0924 | |||
| Underlying diagnosis | CF | Baseline | Baseline | ||
| COPD | 1.167 (1.002, 1.361) | 0.049 | 5.158 (1.444, 18.426) | 0.012 | |
| ILD/IPF | 1.345 (1.133, 1.596) | <0.001 | 9.429 (2.291, 38.807) | 0.002 | |
| Others | 1.109 (0.928, 1.326) | 0.2573 | 2.435 (0.783, 7.569) | 0.124 | |
| Sum of HLA mismatches | 1.011 (0.948, 1.077) | 0.7396 | |||
| Max cold ischemia time | 1.000 (0.999, 1.001) | 0.6245 | |||
| Induction treatment | Basiliximab | Baseline | Baseline | ||
| None | 1.134 (0.981, 1.310) | 0.0914 | 1.382 (0.451, 4.236) | 0.572 | |
| rATG | 1.261 (1.084, 1.467) | 0.0029 | 3.519 (0.946, 13.085) | 0.060 | |
| PGD stage 3 | Yes | 0.928 (0.646, 1.333) | 0.6853 | ||
| Immunosuppression | Cyclosporin | Baseline | |||
| Tacrolimus | 0.914 (0.805, 1.037) | 0.1635 | |||
| Y1 t-AR | 1.003 (0.938, 1.072) | 0.9392 | |||
| Y1 t-infections | 1.003 (0.970, 1.036) | 0.8784 | |||
| Y1 t-CMV | 1.019 (0.899, 1.155) | 0.764 | |||
| DSA before LT | Yes | 1.240 (1.056, 1.455) | 0.0092 | ||
| Y1 DSAs (I or II) | Yes | 1.316 (1.135, 1.526) | 0.0004 | ||
| Y1 DSAs I | Yes | 1.240 (1.014, 1.515) | 0.0370 | ||
| Y1 DSAs II | Yes | 1.357 (1.162, 1.585) | 0.0001 | 4.221 (1.784, 9.991) | 0.001 |
Statistically significant results are highlighted in bold.
Results are presented as OR (95% confidence intervals). For binary variables, the “No” group has been considered the baseline group.
AR, acute cellular rejection episodes; BMI, body mass index; CF, cystic fibrosis; CMV, cytomegalovirus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DSAs, donor-specific antibodies; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; ILD/IPF, interstitial lung disease/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; LT, lung transplantation; t, treated; PGD, primary graft dysfunction; rATG, rabbit antithymocyte globulin; Y1, year 1; CLAD, chronic lung allograft dysfunction; OR, odds ratio.