Table 2.

Prognostic factors for overall survival

Factor	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analys
	OS, mon	p valuea	HR	95% CI	p valuea
Age, yr		0.001
< 65	45.2
≥ 65	22.2
Performance status		< 0.001			0.009
0–1	42.0		1
≥ 2	13.0		1.73	1.15–2.60
Serum M-protein, g/dL		0.024
< 3.0	39.7
≥ 3.0	22.2
BM plasma cell, %		< 0.001			< 0.001
< 40	38.0		1
≥ 40	20.2		1.89	1.32–2.69
Cytogenetic risk		< 0.001			0.007
Standard	45.2		1
High	15.3		1.71	1.16–2.53
NLR		< 0.001			0.019
< 2.25	44.2		1
≥ 2.25	16.0		1.56	1.08–2.27
Platelets, cells/µL		< 0.001			0.047
≥ 150,000	45.2		1
< 150,000	18.5		1.48	1.01–2.18
CRP, mg/L		< 0.001			0.002
< 5.0	47.7		1
≥ 5.0	15.3		1.82	1.25–2.64
Albumin, g/dL		0.009
≥ 3.5	39.7
< 3.5	23.3
Serum creatinine, mg/dL		0.066
≤ 2.0	32.9
> 2.0	16.8
β2-mg, mg/L		< 0.001
< 3.5	47.1
≥ 3.5 and < 5.5	32.9
≥ 5.5	18.1
Use of novel agent		0.004			< 0.001
No	14.9		2.07	1.41–3.04
Yes	38.0		1
Stem cell transplant		0.001			0.050
No	26.3		1.82	1.00–3.32
Yes	69.4		1

OS, overall survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BM, bone marrow; NLR, neutrophil-leukocyte ratio; CRP, Creactive protein.

^aLog-rank test.

^bCox proportional hazards model.