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. 2017 Jul 17;4:105. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00105

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Copyright © 2017 Escobar, Qiao, Lee and Phelps.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The theoretical scenarios of Fundamental (N_F) and Realized Niches (N_R) of an aquatic parasite in environmental space. Left: all the set of abiotic environmental conditions suitable for the parasite resembling N_F (teal cloud). Right: the sub-set of abiotic environmental conditions suitable for the species resembling N_R (teal cloud). In this scenario, the species is restricted to a portion of N_F due to the effect of biotic interactions (red; e.g., competition with other parasites or absence of fish hosts in the red region making this portion of the niche unusable). Note the background of abiotic environmental conditions available for the species (gray lines) composed by water temperature and sunlight.