Table1.
Therapeutic effect of Rosa damascena oil in human stadies
|
Author
(year) |
Material | Sample | Method | Subject research | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hur et al., 2007 | Mixed essential oils of rose ,lavender, rose geranium |
Women between 45 and 54 years of age | Aroma-massage therapy | Blood pressure Lipid metabolism |
↓SBP and ↓DBP in the aroma massage therapy group (SBP: p <0.05; DBP: p <0.05). No significant differences in lipid metabolism between two groups HDL (p <0.01) and TG (p< 0.05). |
| Fukui et al., 2007 | R. damascena oil (0.03 ml) | Healthy college students | Aroma therapy | Endocrine system | ↓Levels of cortisol in males and females. ↓Testosterone in the female subjects. |
| Kim et al., 2011 | Mixed essential oils of Rosa centifolia, Rosa damascena, Salvia sclarea Pelargonium graveolens, Zingiber officinale (at the concentration of 3%.) |
Female nurses | Aroma-massage therapy | Menstrual pain | ↓ Menstrual pain (p < 0.001). ↓ Level of anxiety (P = 0.001). |
| Farnia et al., 2015 | R. damascena oil (contained 17 mg Citronellol) | Male suffering from MDD and SSRI-I SD | Aromatherapy | Sexual dysfunction | ↓Sexual dysfunction (p<0.05). |
| Farnia et al., 2015 | R. damascena oil (contained 17 mg Citronellol) | Female suffering from MDD and SSRI-I SD | Aromatherapy | Sexual dysfunction | ↓Sexual dysfunction (p<0.05). |
| Ayan et al., 2013 | R. damascena oil (maintained at a 2% concentration) | patients with renal colic | Aromatherapy | Pain | ↓ Pain intensity 10 and 30 minutes after treatment. (p = 0.002, p = 0.000). |
| Marzouk et al., 2013 | Essential oils: rose, cinnamon, clove, and lavender (diluted in sweet almond oil at a final concentration of 5%) | Nursing students | Aromatherapy | Menstrual pain | ↓The level (p= 0.007) and duration (p= 0.007) of menstrual pain and the amount of menstrual bleeding. |
| Sadeghi et al., 2015 | R. damascena oil (4% diluted in almond oil) | Female nurses | Aroma-massage therapy | Menstrual pain | ↓Pain severity (p = 0.000). |
| Haze et al., 2002 | R. damascena oil | Healthy females | Aromatherapy | Sympathetic activity | ↓30% in adrenaline concentration (P = 0.01) and ↓ 40% in relative sympathetic activity (P= 0.01). |
| Igarashi et al., 2014 | R. damascena oil (0.2 L) was injected to a 24-L odor bag | Female university students | Aromatherapy | Evaluations of relaxation | ↑‘‘comfortable’’, ‘‘relaxed’’ and ‘‘natural’’ feelings ↓The mean oxy-Hb concentration in the right prefrontal cortex (p<0.05). |
| Marofi et al., 2015 | R. damascena oil | Children hospitalized for surgery | Aromatherapy | Postoperative pain | ↓Pain intensity in each time point of 3, 6, 9, and 12 h after arrival to the ward (p < 0.05). |
| Kheirkhah et al., 2014 | R. damascena oil | Nulliparous women | Aromatherapy | Anxiety | ↓Anxiety score in transitional and active phase (p<0.001). |
| Hongratanaworakit, 2008 |
R. damascena oil
(1 ml of a 20% (w/w) solution of rose oil in sweet almond oil) |
Healthy volunteers | Massage therapy with rose oil | Autonomic parameters and emotional responses | ↓SBP, BR, BOS (p<0.03). No significant effects on DBP and on PR (p>0.05). ↓Alertness, ↑calmness, ↑ relaxation (p=0.03 for all). No significant effects on attentiveness, mood and vigor (p>0.05 for all). |
BP: Blood Pressure, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, HDL: high density Lipid, TG: Triglyceride, MDD: Major Depressive Disorder, SSRIs: Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors, SSRI-I SD: SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, VAS: Visual Analogue Scale, MAP: Mean Arterial Pressure, BPM: Beats Per Minute, PR: Pulse Rate, BOS: Blood Oxygen Saturation, BR: Breathing Rate, ST: Skin Temperature