a The Watchman device (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA). b The Amulet device (St Jude Medical, St Paul, MN, USA). c The Ultrasept LAA Occluder (Cardia Inc., Eagan, MN, USA). d The Wavecrest device (Coherex Medical, Salt Lake City, UT, USA). e The Occlutech LAA Occluder (Occlutech International AB, Helsingborg, Sweden). f The Lariat device (SentreHEART, Palo Alto, CA, USA). g The LAmbre LAA closure system (Lifetech Scientific Corp., China).