Table 2.

Nontrauma emergency pancreaticoduodenectomy for bleeding—literature review [6–19].

Paper	Number of cases	Indication	Mortality rate
Eftimie et al. [6]	1	Chronic pancreatitis, intracystic bleeding, and communication with posterior wall of the duodenum	0
Gold and Bordley [7]	4	3 adenocarcinoma of the duodenum/pancreatic head, 1 ulcerated carcinoid tumor of the duodenum	0
Gulla et al. [8]	3	Bleeding pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Pancreas and duodenal liposarcoma Bleeding duodenal ulcer	0
Hecker et al. [9]	1	Duodenal GIST	0
Maeda et al. [10]	1	Pancreatic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease	0
Parray et al. [11]	1	Duodenal paraganglioma	0
Perera et al. [12]	1	Juxtaampullary duodenal varices due to arteriovenous malformation around the pancreatic head	0
Standop et al. [13]	3	(i) Postinterventional severe necrotizing pancreatitis	33.3%
		(ii) Postsurgical complications after distal gastric resection according to Billroth II
		(iii) Carcinoma of the papilla of Vater
Stratigos et al. [14]	1	Duodenal lymphoma	0
Tsai et al. [15]	2	Internal bleeding after partial pancreatectomy; bleeding duodenal lymphoma	0
Tuech et al. [16]	1	Chronic pancreatitis-induced massive bleeding	0
Ujiki et al. [17]	1	Dieulafoy lesion of the duodenum	0
Vladov et al. [18]	1	Pancreatic head mass and bleeding from papilla of Vater after ERCP with papillosphincterotomy	0
Z'graggen et al. [19]	2	Penetrating postpyloric ulcer Ampullary tumor	50%
Present study	5	PPC with PPA Duodenal diverticulum angiodysplasia Duodenal metastases of colon cancer Duodenal varices Locally advanced gastric cancer	20%