TABLE 1.

Studies using teleosts as model organisms have made major contributions to understanding host-microbe interactions

Contribution	Reference(s)
Contributions of microbiota to host development
Stimulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through MyD88 signaling pathways	13–15
Promotion of a shift in epithelial glycan expression	14
Stimulation of recruitment of immune cells	13, 16
Promotion of gut development	14
Maintenance of normal levels of secretory cells and peristaltic contractions	14, 16
Aiding in host growth and development	15, 17, 18
Process of gut colonization
Bacterial populations not uniformly distributed along gut	12
Establishment of bacteria during development	13, 14, 56
Quantification of bacterial population dynamics in a living host	65
Gene-environment interactions
Core gut microbiota	20, 80
Taxa that deviate from neutral patterns are more likely adapted to, and selected by, host environment	63
Microbiota more strongly driven by differences in host genotype than environment	85
Diet and host genetics influence on microbiota	18, 86, 98
Microbiota influenced more by host developmental stage than geography	90
Sex influences magnitude of relationship to diet	86
Temporal, spatial, and interindividual variation	20, 55, 91, 99
Seasonal variation in microbiota	92, 93
Immune system-microbiota interactions
Variation in strength of inflammatory response to microbes in genetically divergent populations	80
Correlations between MHC class II alleles and microbiota	100
Microbiota-induced neutrophil recruitment	81
Effects of antimicrobials: low levels of triclosan alter microbial community structure	97