Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for lLMCDM-FS
| Characteristic | No. of patients | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18-Month LMCDM-FS (%) | p-valuea) | Hazard ratiob) | 95% CI | p-valuec) | ||
| Extracranial disease status | ||||||
| None or stable | 35 | 42.1 | 0.113 | |||
| Progressive | 16 | 64.8 | ||||
| Biological subtype of primary tumor | ||||||
| ER+ and/or PR+, HER2− | 7 | 53.6 | 0.882 | |||
| HER2-positive | 19 | 44.1 | ||||
| Triple negative | 13 | 58.3 | ||||
| No. of brain metastases | ||||||
| 1 | 36 | 45.1 | 0.191 | |||
| 2-3 | 15 | 60.0 | ||||
| Size (cm) | ||||||
| < 3.5 | 23 | 51.3 | 0.906 | |||
| ≥ 3.5 | 27 | 41.1 | ||||
| Adjacent to CSF flowd) | ||||||
| No | 10 | 80.0 | 0.050 | 1.0 | - | - |
| Yes | 40 | 40.3 | 2.3 | 0.4-13.5 | 0.456 | |
| Extent of resection | ||||||
| GTR | 40 | 42.6 | 0.120 | |||
| STR | 11 | 71.4 | ||||
| Systemic treatment after brain surgery and before the development of LMCDM | ||||||
| No | 21 | 8.0 | < 0.001 | 1.0 | - | - |
| Targeted Tx±CTx | 13 | 69.8 | 0.1 | 0.0-0.3 | < 0.001 | |
| CTx | 17 | 67.5 | 0.1 | 0.0-0.3 | < 0.001 | |
| Postoperative RT | ||||||
| WBRT | 24 | 77.5 | 0.013 | 1.0 | - | - |
| PRT | 10 | 30.0 | 5.2 | 1.9-14.8 | 0.009 | |
| No RT | 17 | 13.6 | 2.7 | 0.9-7.9 | 0.122 | |
| Postoperative WBRT | ||||||
| Yes | 24 | 77.5 | 0.004 | |||
| No | 27 | 22.6 | ||||
| WBRT dose−fractionation | ||||||
| 25 Gy/10 fx | 9 | 65.6 | 0.945 | |||
| 30 Gy/12 fx | 6 | 100.0 | ||||
| 30 Gy/10 fx | 9 | 71.4 | ||||
LMCDM-FS, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis or dural metastasis–free survival; CI, confidence interval; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GTR, gross total resection; STR, subtotal resection; Tx, therapy; CTx, chemotherapy; RT, radiotherapy; WBRT, whole brain radiotherapy; PRT, partial radiotherapy; fx, fractions.
a)
Log-rank test,
b)
Hazard ratio refers to the risk of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis or dural metastasis per unit time,
c)
Cox proportional hazard model (backward likelihood ratio),
d)
n=50 (WBRT, 23; PRT, 10; no RT, 17).