Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Completing the Early Pregnancy Sleep Study According to the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) in Early Pregnancy
| Baseline Characteristics | Failed Study* (N = 417) | All Apneas and Hypopneas with ≥ 3% Oxygen Desaturation / Hour
|
p-value† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHI=0 (N = 764) | 0<AHI<5 (N = 2,254) | 5 ≤AHI<15 (N = 105) | AHI≥15 (N = 9) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Maternal age, in years | ||||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 25.8 ± 5.7 | 25.7 ± 5.5 | 27.1 ± 5.5 | 29.2 ± 5.8 | 34.0 ± 5.8 | <.001 |
| Category: n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| 13–21 | 120 (28.8) | 218 (28.5) | 417 (18.5) | 11 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 22–35 | 275 (65.9) | 513 (67.1) | 1,686 (74.8) | 77 (73.3) | 5 (55.6) | |
| >35 | 22 (5.3) | 33 (4.3) | 151 (6.7) | 17 (16.2) | 4 (44.4) | |
| Maternal race: n (%) | 0.05 | |||||
| White Non-Hispanic | 227 (54.4) | 434 (56.8) | 1,406 (62.4) | 63 (60.0) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Black Non-Hispanic | 104 (24.9) | 106 (13.9) | 265 (11.8) | 18 (17.1) | 4 (44.4) | |
| Hispanic | 51 (12.2) | 156 (20.4) | 396 (17.6) | 13 (12.4) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Asian | 10 (2.4) | 28 (3.7) | 83 (3.7) | 6 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other | 25 (6.0) | 40 (5.2) | 104 (4.6) | 5 (4.8) | 1 (11.1) | |
| Body mass index, in kg/m2 | ||||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 27.0 ± 6.3 | 24.4 ± 5.4 | 26.8 ± 6.5 | 36.3 ± 8.6 | 45.6 ± 11.3 | <.001 |
| Category: n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| <25 | 195 (47.4) | 496 (65.9) | 1,112 (49.8) | 8 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 25 to <30 | 109 (26.5) | 182 (24.2) | 573 (25.7) | 12 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ≥30 | 107 (26.0) | 75 (10.0) | 546 (24.5) | 83 (80.6) | 9 (100.0) | |
| Smoked during 3 months prior to pregnancy: n (%) | 102 (24.5) | 125 (16.4) | 383 (17.0) | 30 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.03 |
| Chronic hypertension: n (%) | 14 (3.4) | 11 (1.4) | 50 (2.2) | 7 (6.7) | 2 (22.2) | <.001 |
| Pre-gestational diabetes: n (%) | 6 (1.4) | 13 (1.7) | 33 (1.5) | 4 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.23 |
| Neck circumference, in cm | ||||||
| Mean ± standard deviation | 33.3 ± 3.1 | 32.3 ± 2.5 | 33.0 ± 2.8 | 36.5 ± 4.6 | 40.2 ± 3.2 | <.001 |
| Category: n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| <34 | 234 (61.6) | 563 (77.3) | 1,425 (65.8) | 23 (22.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 34 to 36.5 | 92 (24.2) | 127 (17.4) | 512 (23.6) | 32 (31.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| >36.5 | 54 (14.2) | 38 (5.2) | 230 (10.6) | 46 (45.5) | 9 (100.0) | |
Abbreviations: AHI=apnea-hypopnea index; kg/m2=kilograms per square meters; cm=centimeters
Tests comparing baseline characteristics of women with failed studies versus those with adequate data found significant differences at p<0.05 for: age (continuous and categorical), race, smoking status, and neck circumference (continuous).
P-values are shown for chi-square tests for AHI and the categorical baseline characteristics and from ANOVA F-tests for AHI and continuous baseline characteristics. Due to the small number of women with AHI≥15, the 5≤AHI<15 and AHI≥15 categories were combined for these tests.