Table 2.
Mean values of everyday discrimination and psychological distress by demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, place of education, nativity and English proficiency: U.S. Asian Americans in the national Latino and Asian American Study 2002–2003
| Characteristics | Everyday discrimination | Psychological distress |
|---|---|---|
| Age | −.23*** | −.04NS |
| Everyday discrimination | – | .25*** |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Vietnamese | 1.48 (.04) | 1.33 (.03) |
| Filipino | 1.96 (.04) | 1.32 (.02) |
| Chinese | 1.78 (.03) | 1.43 (.02) |
| Other Asian Americans | 1.89*** (.03) | 1.35*** (.02) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.92 (.03) | 1.34 (.01) |
| Female | 1.73*** (.02) | 1.38* (.01) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 1.75 (.02) | 1.33 (.01) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 1.63 (.05) | 1.37 (.04) |
| Never married | 2.10*** (.04) | 1.46*** (.03) |
| Education | ||
| College or more (≥16) | 1.88 (.02) | 1.35 (.01) |
| Less than college (<16) | 1.77*** (.02) | 1.37NS (.01) |
| Place of education | ||
| U.S.-educated | 2.03 (.03) | 1.34 (.02) |
| Foreign-educated | 1.71*** (.02) | 1.37NS (.01) |
| Household income | ||
| <$15,000 | 1.79 (.05) | 1.45 (.03) |
| $15,000–$34,999.9 | 1.65 (.04) | 1.37 (.03) |
| $35,000–$74,999.9 | 1.81 (.03) | 1.36 (.02) |
| ≥$75,000 | 1.89*** (.02) | 1.32*** (.01) |
| Employment status | ||
| Employed | 1.86 (.02) | 1.35 (.01) |
| Unemployed | 1.84 (.06) | 1.43 (.04) |
| Not in labor force | 1.72*** (.03) | 1.37* (.02) |
| Nativity | ||
| U.S.-born | 2.03 (.04) | 1.33 (.02) |
| Foreign-born | 1.75*** (.02) | 1.37NS (.01) |
| English proficiency | ||
| Good/excellent | 1.92 (.02) | 1.33 (.01) |
| Poor/fair | 1.62*** (.03) | 1.44*** (.02) |
N = 2,085; NS non-significant,
*
p <.05,
**
p <.01,
***
p <.001, for significance of association of each variable with everyday discrimination and psychological distress; standard errors are shown in parentheses. For continuous variables such as age, everyday discrimination and psychological distress, correlations are provided