Table. Ophthalmic examination findings in a case–control study of ocular signs in Ebola virus disease survivors, Sierra Leone, 2016*.
| Finding | Survivors |
Controls |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % (97.5% CI)† | No. | % (97.5% CI)† | ||
| Best eye visual acuity‡ | |||||
| Missing data | 3 | – | 56 | – | |
| Normal | 59 | 74.7 (62.1–84.9) | 37 | 75.5 (59.1–87.9) | |
| Near normal | 18 | 22.8 (13.1–35.1) | 8 | 16.3 (6.4–31.6) | |
| Moderate | 1 | 1.3 (0–7.8) | 3 | 6.1 (1–18.6) | |
| Severe | 1 | 1.3 (0–7.8) | 0 | 0 (0–8.6) | |
| Profound | 0 | 0 (0–5.5) | 1 | 2 (0–12.3) | |
| Near total | 0 | 0 (0–5.5) | 0 | 0 (0–8.6) | |
| Total |
0 |
0 (0–5.5) |
|
0 |
0 (0–8.6) |
| Intraocular pressure, mmHg | |||||
| Missing data | 35 | – | 74 | – | |
| Hypotonous (<5) | 5 | 10.6 (3–25) | 0 | 0 (0–13.2) | |
| Reduced (6–10) | 5 | 10.6 (3–25) | 3 | 9.7 (1.6–28.2) | |
| Within normal range (11–21) | 35 | 74.5 (57.6–87.3) | 26 | 83.9 (63.8–95.4) | |
| Elevated (22–29) | 1 | 2.1 (0–12.8) | 2 | 6.5 (0.5–23.7) | |
| High (>30) |
1 |
2.1 (0–12.8) |
|
0 |
0 (0–13.2) |
| Worst eye cup:disc ratio§ | |||||
| Bilateral ungradable | 1 | – | 0 | – | |
| Unilateral ungradable | 11 | – | 8 | – | |
| Normal (0.1–0.6) | 73 | 90 (80.1–96.2) | 79 | 75.2 (64.5–84.1) | |
| Moderate (0.7–0.8) | 7 | 8.6 (3.1–18.3) | 23 | 21.9 (13.5–32.3) | |
| Advanced (>0.9) |
1 |
1.2 (0–7.6) |
|
3 |
2.9 (0.5–9) |
| Cataract | |||||
| All cataract | 19 | 23.2 (13.6–35.3) | 18 | 17 (9.7–27) | |
| White cataract | 6 | 7.3 (2.3–16.5) | 0 | 0 (0–4.1) | |
| White cataract with hypotony, IOP <5 mm Hg¶ |
4 |
80 (23.6–99.7) |
|
NA |
NA |
| Active anterior uveitis | |||||
| Missing data | 13 | – | 67 | – | |
| Anterior chamber cells present |
5 |
7.3 (2–17.4) |
|
4 |
10.5 (2.4–27) |
| Previous anterior uveitis | |||||
| Missing data | 12 | – | 65 | – | |
| Signs of previous anterior uveitis# |
7 |
10 (3.6–21) |
|
0 |
0 (0–10.4) |
| Vitreous signs** | |||||
| Signs suggestive of active or past intermediate uveitis |
8 (9.8) |
9.8 (3.8–19.6) |
|
14 |
13.3 (6.9–22.5) |
| Retinal signs** | |||||
| Retinal hemorrhages | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 2 | 1.9 (0.2–7.5) | |
| Retinal neovascularization | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 1 | 1 (0–5.9) | |
| Papilledema | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 0 | 0 (0–4.1) | |
| Retinal vasculitis | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 4 | 3.8 (0.8–10.4) | |
| Macula hole | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 1 | 1 (0–5.9) | |
| Retinal tears | 1 | 1.2 (0–7.5) | 1 | 1 (0–5.9) | |
| Retinal detachment | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 2 | 1.9 (0.2–7.5) | |
| Asteriod hyalosis | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 1 | 1 (0–5.9) | |
| Myelinated nerve fibers | 0 | 0 (0–5.2) | 1 | 1 (0–5.9) | |
| Benign flecked retina | 1 | 1.2 (0–7.5) | 0 | 0 (0–4.1) | |
| Geographic retinal darkening and variants | 16 | 19.5 (10.7–31.2) | 13 | 12.4 (6.2–21.4) | |
| White without pressure | 18 | 22 (12.6–34) | 20 | 19 (11.2–29.2) | |
*IOP, intraocular pressure; NA, not available; –, not applicable. †Calculated by using exact binomial Clopper-Pearson method. ‡Grading based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (true Snellen fractions). §When only 1 cup:disc ratio was gradable, only that ratio was used for analysis. ¶Missing data on 2 patients. #Posterior synechiae and/or pigment on anterior lens capsule, keratic precipitates but no anterior chamber inflammation, or both. **Graded based on widefield retinal image.