Table 2.

Cumulative Rates of Psychiatric Disorders in Grandchildren (Generation 3), by Parental (Generation 2) Depression Status

Variable	Parental MDD, No. (%)		Effect of Parental MDDa
			Not Adjusted for Generation 1 MDD Status		Adjusted for Generation 1 MDD Status
	No (n = 88)	Yes (n = 29)	HR (95% CI)	P Value	HR (95% CI)	P Value
No. of grandchildren	199	52	NA	NA	NA	NA
Any mood disorderb	34 (17.1)	16 (30.8)	2.05 (1.11–3.79)	.02	2.04 (1.13–3.69)	.02
MDD	25 (12.6)	13 (25.0)	2.02 (1.08–3.79)	.03	2.00 (1.09–3.69)	.03
DDNOS	5 (2.5)	1 (1.9)	0.67 (0.08–5.66)	.71	0.71 (0.09–5.87)	.75
Dysthymic disorder	10 (5.0)	5 (9.6)	2.23 (0.70–7.11)	.18	2.06 (0.66–6.43)	.21
Any anxiety disorder	74 (37.2)	26 (50.0)	1.39 (0.89–2.18)	.14	1.39 (0.89–2.16)	.15
Any disruptive disorder	28 (14.1)	13 (25.0)	1.70 (1.05–2.75)	.03	1.69 (1.03–2.76)	.04
Substance abuse or dependence	28 (14.1)	16 (30.8)	2.67 (1.10–6.47)	.03	2.50 (1.02–6.15)	.046
Substance abuse	13 (6.5)	6 (11.5)	1.79 (0.67–4.74)	.24	1.75 (0.63–4.80)	.28
Substance dependence	23 (11.6)	14 (26.9)	2.96 (1.24–7.08)	.01	2.77 (1.15–6.67)	.02
Any disorder	96 (48.2)	36 (69.2)	1.56 (1.15–2.12)	.004	1.56 (1.15–2.13)	.005
Any suicidal ideation or gesture	40 (20.1)	19 (36.5)	2.44 (1.28–4.66)c	.007	2.37 (1.27–4.42)c	.007
Child global assessment scale scored	82.5 (7.4)	72.8 (10.8)	38.25	<.001	36.55	<.001

Abbreviations: DDNOS, depressive disorder not otherwise specified; MDD, major depressive disorder.

^aAll analyses are adjusted for age and sex of grandchild and correlation within family.

^bIncludes MDD, DDNOS, and dysthymic disorder.

^cEstimate of relative risk (rather than HR) because age at onset was not available.

^dValues reflect means (SDs) and F scores unless otherwise noted.