Table 1b.

Effect sizes^a and post-hoc contrasts^b across groups defined by ADHD status and persistence

W4 Dependent Measure	Comparisons vs. Desisters	Comparisons vs. Partial	Comparisons vs. Persisters	Desisters vs. Partial	Desisters vs. Persisters	Partial vs. Persisters
Internalizing Problems
ASR Internalizing, 6 mos.	−0.35	0.16	0.77*	0.50	1.11*	0.61*
ABCL Internalizing, 6 mos.	0.33	0.58*	1.41*	0.25	1.07*	0.83*
BDI Total – 2 weeks	−0.02	0.05	0.90*	0.08	0.92*	0.84*
SCID Mood Dx, since W3	0.3 (−.66)c	1.5 (.22)	4.1* (.78)	5.1* (.90)	14.3* (1.47)	2.8* (.57)
Effect size mean	−0.18	0.25	0.97	0.43	1.14	0.71
Externalizing Problems
ASR Externalizing, 6 mos.	0.08	0.32	0.92*	0.24	0.85*	0.60*
ABCL Externalizing, 6 mos.	0.50*	0.95*	1.53*	0.45	1.02*	0.58*
Incarcerated/Arrested, since W3	2.4 (.48)	1.9 (.35)	3.5 (.69)	0.8 (−.12)	1.5 (.22)	1.8 (.32)
Effect size mean	0.35	0.54	1.05	0.19	0.70	0.50
Substance Use
SUQ Alcohol use severity	−0.05	−0.22	−0.14	−0.17	−0.08	0.08
SUQ Marijuana freq, past yr.	0.07	0.12	0.14	0.06	0.07	0.01
SUQ Other illicit, past yr.	−0.36	−0.29	−0.21	0.07	0.15	0.08
Effect size mean	−0.11	−0.13	−0.07	0.01	0.05	0.06
Self-Injury
Suicide Attempts - ever	0.6 (−.28)	5.0* (.89)	5.8* (.97)	9.0 (1.21)	10.6 (1.30)	1.2 (.10)
Any NSSI - ever	1.0 (.00)	2.9* (.59)	6.0* (.99)	3.0 (.61)	6.1* (1.00)	2.1 (.41)
Effect size mean	−0.14	0.74	0.98	0.91	1.15	0.26
Educational Achievement
Highest Degree Earned	−0.59*	−0.76*	−1.02*	−0.16	−0.43	−0.26
Years of Education	−0.67*	−0.88*	−1.05*	−0.21	−0.38	−0.17
WIAT Math	−1.09*	−0.71*	−0.93*	0.39	0.16	−0.23
WIAT Reading	−1.18*	−0.69*	−0.85*	0.49	0.33	−0.16
Functioning since W3, clinician	−0.82*	−1.14*	−1.38*	−0.33	−0.56	−0.23
Functioning since W3, parent	−0.30	−0.93*	−1.35*	−0.63	−1.05*	−0.42
Functioning since W3, self	−0.21	−0.79*	−0.83*	−0.59	−0.63	−0.04
Effect size mean	−0.69	−0.84	−1.06	−0.15	−0.37	−0.22
Employment
Currently Employed	1.2 (0.10)	0.8 (−0.12)	0.4 (−0.51)	0.6 (−0.28)	0.4 (−0.51)	0.6 (−0.28)
Public Assistance - reversed	0.4 (−0.58)	0.5 (−0.37)	0.3 (−0.73)	1.5 (0.22)	0.8 (−0.14)	0.5 (−0.36)
Current Salary (month)	−0.28	−0.30	−0.53	0.02	−0.25	−0.24
Current Hours Worked (week)	−0.02	−0.21	−0.42	−0.19	−0.40	−0.22
Problems at Work - reversed	−0.26	−0.26	−0.94*	−0.00	−0.69*	−0.69*
Functioning since W3, clinician	−0.68*	−0.58*	−1.34*	0.11	−0.66*	−0.76*
Functioning since W3, parent	−0.10	−0.72*	−1.51*	−0.61*	−1.40*	−0.79*
Functioning since W3, self	−0.05	−0.29	−0.68*	−0.23	−0.63	−0.39
Effect size mean	−0.23	−0.36	−0.83	−0.12	−0.59	−0.47
Health Problems
Body Mass Index, current	0.55	0.80*	0.56*	0.26	0.01	−0.24
Unplanned Pregnancy, ever	7.9* (1.14)	5.4* (.93)	5.4* (.93)	0.7 (−.20)	0.7 (−.20)	1.0 (.00)
Poor Sleep Quality, past month	0.17	0.23	0.53	0.06	0.36	0.30
Poor Overall Health, current	0.09	0.40	0.61*	0.31	0.52	0.21
Effect size mean	0.49	0.59	0.66	0.11	0.17	0.07
Social Impairment
DAS – Dissatisfaction, current	0.09	−0.04	0.10	−0.13	0.01	0.14
SRI – Friend problems, current	0.44	0.38	0.65*	−0.05	0.21	0.27
Impairment since W3, clinician	0.17	0.54	0.73*	0.37	0.56	0.19
Impairment since W3, parent	0.33	0.72*	1.40*	0.39	1.07*	0.68*
Impairment since W3, self	0.18	0.50	0.68*	0.32	0.51	0.19
Effect size mean	0.24	0.42	0.71	0.18	0.47	0.29
Driving Problems
DBQ Illegal, ever	0.14	−0.07	0.44	−0.21	0.29	0.50
DBQ Accidents, ever	0.37	0.13	0.43	−0.24	0.07	0.30
DBQ Citations, ever	0.02	−0.07	−0.05	−0.09	−0.06	0.02
Effect size mean	.18	−0.00	0.27	−0.18	0.10	0.27
Overall
Impairment since W3, cliniciand	0.57*	0.69*	1.36*	0.12	0.79*	0.67*
Impairment since W3, parent	0.15	0.82*	1.51*	0.67*	1.36*	0.68*
Impairment since W3, self	0.13	0.55*	0.97*	0.42	0.85*	0.43
Psych Hospitalization, ever	0.7 (−.27)	3.3* (.66)	6.3* (1.01)	4.5 (.83)	8.8* (1.20)	1.9 (.35)
Effect size mean	0.15	0.68	1.21	0.51	1.05	0.53

Notes. Comparisons, n = 87; Desisters, n = 32, Partials, n = 37; Persisters, n = 53. ASR = Adult Self Report; ABCL = Adult Behavior Checklist; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM; SUQ = Substance Use Questionnaire; NSSI = Non-suicidal self-injury; WIAT = Wechsler Individual Achievement Test; DAS = Dyadic Adjustment Scale; SRI = Social Relationships Interview; DBQ = Driving Behavior Questionnaire; GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning.

^aCohen’s d for continuous variables and odds ratios for dichotomous variables.

^bOnly when the omnibus test was p < .001 were post-hoc pairwise comparisons computed. Within-domain False Discovery Rate (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995) applied to these pairwise comparisons.

^cIn parenthesis are odds ratios converted to ds according to Bornstein et al. (2009).

^dreversed.