Table 1.
Characteristics of participants
| DuBose 2016 | Abe 2016 | Aso 2017 a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REBOA (n = 46) | RT (n = 68) | REBOA (n = 636) | RT (n = 267) | REBOA (n = 191) | RT (n = 68) | |
| Age a | 43.2 (19.6) b | 39.2 (16.7) b | 52.5 (21.2) b | 56.7 (21.1) b | 15–49 years = 75 | 15–49 years = 26 |
| 50–79 years = 95 | 50–79 years = 35 | |||||
| ≥80 years = 21 | ≥80 years = 7 | |||||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 32 (69.6%) | 60 (88.2%) | 417 (66%) | 194 (73%) | 114 (59.7%) | 44 (64.7%) |
| SBP | 23 (105) c | 0(80) c | 89 (46) c | 87 (45) c | NR | NR |
| Hypotension (SBP <90), n (%) | 21 (45.6%) | 47 (69.1%) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Trauma mechanism | ||||||
| Blunt, n (%) | 35 (76.1%) | 36 (53.9%) | 591 (93%) | 247 (93%) | NR | NR |
| Penetrating, n (%) | 11 (23.9%) | 32 (47.1%) | 45 (7%) | 20 (7%) | NR | NR |
| Cardiac arrest on admission, n (%) | 16 (34.8%) | 35 (51.5%) | 212 (33%) | 216 (81%) | 42 (22%) | 42 (61%) |
| TRISS (PS) | NR | NR | 0.43 (0.36) b | 0.27 (0.30) b | NR | NR |
| Injury severity | ||||||
| ISS | 31 (30) c | 31.5 (22) c | 34 (25) c | 34 (20) c | NR | NR |
| Head AIS | 2.0 (5) b | 1.5 (4) b | 3.6 (1.2) b | 3.3 (1.1) b | NR | NR |
| Chest AIS | 1.0 (4) b | 3.0 (4) b | 3.8 (0.9) b | 4.3 (1.1) b | NR | NR |
| Abdomen AIS | 2.5 (3) b | 2.0 (5) b | 3.6 (1.1) b | 3.8 (1.5) b | NR | NR |
| Procedures | ||||||
| Laparotomy, n (%) | 25 (54.3%) | 40 (58.8%) | 301 (47%) | 99 (37%) | 17 (8.9%) | 12 (17.6%) |
| Embolization, n (%) | 3 (6.5%) | 3 (4.4%) | 153 (24%) | 18 (6.7%) | 76 (39.8%) | 18 (26.5%) |
| Surgery for liver injury, n (%) | 7 (15%) | 16 (23%) | NR | NR | 14 (7.3%) | 5 (7.4%) |
| Spleen resection, n (%) | 4 (8.7%) | 7 (10.3%) | NR | NR | 18 (9.4%) | 9 (13.2%) |
| Operative procedures for pelvic fractures | PP 3 (6.5%); PB 4 (8.7%); PEF 3 (6.5%) | PP 10 (14.7%); PB 4 (5.9%); PEF 0 (0%) | NR | NR | OS 15 (7.9%); CS 4 (2.1%) | OS 7 (10.3%); CS 3 (4.4%) |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 33 (71.7%) | 57 (83.8%) | 405 (67%) | 210 (90%) | 90 (47.1%) | 48 (70.6%) |
| Adjusted measures of association for mortality (REBOA vs. thoracotomy) d | OR 0.263 (95% CI 0.043–1.609) e | OR 0.261 (95% CI 0.130–0.523) f | HR 0.94 (95% CI 0.60–1.48) g | |||
SBP systolic blood pressure, NR not reported, PS probability of survival, ISS Injury Severity Score, AIS Abbreviate Injury Score, PP pelvic packing, PB pelvic binder, PEF pelvic external fixation, OS open surgery, CS closed surgery, OR odds ratio, HR hazard ratio
Adjusted by:
aPatients were categorized in age groups
bMean (SD)
cMedian (IQR)
dAs reported in studies
eNot reported
fPropensity Score Matching by age, gender, mechanism of injury, cause of injury, transport type, pre-hospital treatment, vital signs at emergency department, and injury severity score
gPropensity Score Matching by age, sex, body mass index, etiology, Japanese coma scale, presence of head injury, presence of cardiopulmonary arrest on admission, TMPM (Trauma Mortality Prediction Model), and annual number of patients receiving resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) at each hospital