Table 2.
Vital signs and laboratory tests upon presentation
| <2 mmol/L (N = 150) | 2–4 mmol/L (N = 150) | >4 mmol/L (N = 150) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (bpm) (Mean ± SD) | 95.22 ± 21.27 | 100.69 ± 24.14 | 103.59 ± 23.74 | 0.007 |
| RR (Breaths/min) (Mean ± SD) | 21.91 ± 5.54 | 22.09 ± 5.54 | 23.22 ± 6.11 | 0.110 |
| SBP (mmHg) (Mean ± SD) | 120.03 ± 28.23 | 124.56 ± 28.54 | 114.13 ± 29.92 | 0.009 |
| DBP (mmHg) (Mean ± SD) | 66.31 ± 17.88 | 67.31 ± 18.24 | 65.12 ± 22.06 | 0.626 |
| O2 saturation (%) (Mean ± SD) | 95.09 ± 7.83 | 95.03 ± 9.28 | 93.37 ± 8.30 | 0.147 |
| Temperature (°C) (Mean ± SD) | 37.23 ± 1.04 | 37.42 ± 1.04 | 37.05 ± 1.10 | 0.013 |
| Lactate level (mmol/L) (Mean ± SD) | 1.42 ± 0.38 | 2.72 ± 0.55 | 7.18 ± 3.42 | <0.001 |
| WBC (x109cells/L) (Mean ± SD) | 11,071.33 ± 6908.81 | 12,728.00 ± 6860.88 | 15,583.33 ± 12,135.99 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dl) (Mean ± SD) | 11.54 ± 3.37 | 11.58 ± 2.19 | 11.30 ± 2.56 | 0.640 |
| Hematocrit (mg/dl) (Mean ± SD) | 33.46 ± 7.10 | 34.69 ± 6.55 | 34.30 ± 8.10 | 0.331 |
| Arterial pH (Mean ± SD)a | 7.35 ± 0.09 | 7.38 ± 0.09 | 7.31 ± 0.16 | 0.001 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) (Mean ± SD)a | 41.63 ± 21.57 | 37.35 ± 13.22 | 34.98 ± 16.22 | 0.098 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) (Mean ± SD)a | 97.03 ± 47.74 | 97.45 ± 48.05 | 109.53 ± 70.75 | 0.350 |
| Troponins (mg/dl) (Mean ± SD)b | 0.10 ± 0.22 | 0.07 ± 0.12 | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.254 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) (Mean ± SD) | 1.63 ± 1.94 | 1.44 ± 1.35 | 1.90 ± 1.65 | 0.053 |
aObtained from 205 patients: 41 (<2 mmol/L), 64 (2–3.9 mmol/L) and 100 (>4 mmol/L)
bObtained from 158 patients: 39 (<2 mmol/L), 56 (2-4 mmol/L) and 63 (>4 mmol/L)