Table 1.
Means ±SD demographic and clinical characteristics of patients and controls
| NON- DEMENTED |
DEMENTED | Controls | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (M) | 15 (13) | 8 (5) | 20 (9) |
| Education (y) | 17.1 ±2.1 | 15.0 ±1.5 | 16.0 ±2.5 |
| Age of onset (y) | 59.8 ±8.9 | 61.6 ±8.1 | n/a |
| Age at Time 1 (y) | 68.9 ±5.3 | 69.1 ±8.6 | 68.6 ±8.2 |
| Disease duration at Time 1 (y) | 9.2 ±6.8 | 7.1 ±4.4 | n/a |
| Time 1 to Time 2 interval (mos) | 37.7 ±23.6 | 36.7 ±25.4 | n/a |
| Clinical measures | |||
| UPDRS I Motivation / Initiative, Time 1 (max=4) | 0.23 ±0.44 (13) | 0.33 ±0.58 (3) | -- |
| UPDRS I Motivation / Initiative, Time 2 (max=4) | 0.64 ±0.63 (14) | 1.00 ±0.82 (4) | -- |
| UPDRS II: oral motor score, Time 1 (max=12) | 1.69 ±1.70 (13) | 1.33 ±1.53 (3) | -- |
| UPDRS II: oral motor score, Time 2 (max=12) | 2.00 ±1.78 (13) | 3.50 ±2.65 (4) | -- |
| UPDRS III, Time 1 | 24.4 ±9.5 (14) | 27.7 ±18.8 (3) | -- |
| UPDRS III, Time 2 | 31.9 ±16.2 (14) @ | 38.8 ±8.8 (4) | -- |
| Hoehn & Yahr stage, Time 1 | 2.71 ±0.47 (14) | 3.50 ±1.05 (6) | -- |
| Hoehn & Yahr stage, Time 2 | 2.71 ±0.47 (14) | 3.83 ±0.75 (6) # | -- |
| Cognitive measures1,2,3* | |||
| MMSE, Time1 | 28.5 ±1.4 (15) | 25.2 ±3.2 (8) | 29.3 ±1.1 (19) |
| MMSE, Time2 | 27.9 ±2.5 (15) ^ | 20.4 ±3.9 (7) # @ | |
| BNT, Time 1 | 28.8 ±1.6 (14) | 25.0 ±3.6 (8) # | 28.6 ±1.5 (17) |
| BNT, Time 2 | 28.7 ±2.2 (13) | 23.1 ±5.7 (7) | |
| FAS Total, Time 1 | 45.6 ±12.1 (14) | 29.4 ±11.1 (8) # | 43.3 ±10.6 (17) |
| FAS Total, Time 2 | 41.9 ±11.2 (12) | 21.8 ±7.4 (6) # | |
| Reverse digit span, Time 1 | 5.4 ±1.3 (14) | 4.0 ±1.1 (7) | 5.6 ±1.5 (14) |
| Reverse digit span, Time 2 | 4.9 ±1.1 (9) | 3.3 ±1.1 (7) | |
Notes:
1
We provide in parentheses the numbers of participants for whom scores were obtained if less than the total, due to technical limitations in recovering some clinical features.
2
BNT: a 30-item version of the Boston Naming Test -- lexical access FAS: letter-guided fluency -- executive functioning; Reverse digit span -- working memory
*3
DEM differ from NON-DEM and controls at p<.05 for all cognitive measures at Time 1 and Time 2
#
DEM differ from NON-DEM at p<.01
^
NON-DEM differ from controls at p<.05
@
Time 2 differs from corresponding Time 1 at p<.05