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. 2015 Sep 17;8(9):6277–6308. doi: 10.3390/ma8095304

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© 2015 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the wide opening side on the polymer films. (a) The base side of nanochannels in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane; the diameter was ~350 nm. Reprinted with permission from reference [61]. Copyright 2012 PCCP Owner Societies. (b) The base side of a nanochannel in track-etch polyimide (PI) membrane. Reprinted with permission from reference [65]. Copyright 2013 Royal Society of Chemistry. (c) Scanning electron micrographs of the base opening of track etched polycarbonate (PC) film. Reprinted with permission from reference [66]. Copyright 2006 John Wiley and Sons.