Table 1.
Summary of papers and findings by country and year
| Authors, Year of Publication | Country | Sample size | Response rate (%) | Gender | Professional Group | Individual and Workplace Factors | Prevalence High EE (%) | Prevalence High DP (%) | Prevalence Low PA (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Jahrami et al. [42] | Bahrain | 153 | 58.0 | Males (48.0%), females (52.0%) | Doctors (9.2%), nurses (78.4%), other healthcare professionals (12.4%) | Job satisfaction | 24.2 | 18.3 | 28.1 |
| 2. Mohammed et al. [28] | Egypt | 84 | 64.6 | Males (54.8%), females (45.2%) | Residents | Working hours Burnout was correlated with different personality domains and working hours |
81.0 | 64.3 | 52.4 |
| 3. Shams and El-Masry [26] | Egypt | 98 | 73.1 | Males (73.5%), females (26.5%) | Anesthesiologists: Residents (30.6%), assistant lecturers (32.7%), lecturers (16.3%), assistant professors (12.2%), professors (8.2%) |
Job stress, working condition, lack of support | 62.2 | 56.1 | 58.2 |
| 4. Khashaba et al. [36] | Egypt | 140 | 100.0 | All males | Emergency medical responders | Organizational stressors | 20.0 | 9.3 | 19.3 |
| 5. Hamaideh [24] | Jordan | 181 | 82.3 | Males (55.8%) and females (44.2%) | Nurses | Job satisfaction | 54.7 | 34.2 | 38.7 |
| 6. Ashkar et al.[30] | Lebanon | 155 | 75.0 | Males (55.5%) and females (44.5%) | Residents (different specialties) | Coping with stress at work, number of on calls | 67.7 | 47.1 | 37.4 |
| 7. Alameddine et al.[35] | Lebanon | 755 | NR | Males (49.6%) and females (50.3%) 0.1% missing |
Doctors (44.8%), nurses (32.7%), allied health in primary health care and other health professionals (22.5%) | High burnout, lower level of education, and low tenure were all associated with increased likelihood to quit | 23.2 | 13.8 | 18.7 |
| 8. Sabbah et al. [25] | Lebanon | 200 | 95.2 | Males (31.5%) and females (68.5%) | Nurses | Work satisfaction, work overload, job title, shift duty | 77.5 | 36.0 | 33.0 |
| 9. Abdallah [40] | Palestine | 180 | NR | Males (33.3%) and females (66.7%) | Social workers | Self esteem | 20.0 | 46.7 | 13.3 |
| 10. Abushaikha and Saca-Hazboun [34] | Palestine | 152 | 59.6 | Males (26.3%) and females (73.7%) | Staff nurses (80.3%), head nurses (12.5%), assistant head nurses (7.2%) | Job satisfaction | 37.5 | 9.2 | 39.5 |
| 11. Alhajjar et al.[41] | Palestine | 176 | 70.4 | Males (48.3%) and females (51.7%) | Social workers | Employer type | 56.2 | 67.0 | 85.8 |
| 12. Sadat-Ali et al. [39] | Saudi Arabia | 69 | 51.9 | NA | Orthopedic surgeons (consultants and specialists) | Hospital type; Government (G) or Private (P) |
Overall = 50.7 G = 40.8;P = 70.0 |
Overall = 59.4 G = 49.0; P = 80.0 |
Overall = 17.0 G = 14.5; P = 30.0 |
| 13. Al-Dardas et al. [23] | Saudi Arabia | 198 | 79.0 | NA | Nurses | Nationality, marital status area of work and job duration | 45.6 | 42.0 | 28.5 |
| 14. Al Turki [37] | Saudi Arabia | 37 | 61.6 | All Females | Saudi Nurses | Job duration | 45.9 | 48.6 | 13.6 |
| 15. Al-Ayoubi and Jan [22] | Saudi Arabia | 130 | 65.0 | Males (45.0%) and females (55.0%) | Pediatricians: consultants, (46.0%), residents (31.0%), assistants (23.0%) |
Hospital types, years of practice, number of clinics per week |
No subscales prevalence 18% Normal (MBI score 20–30) 82% Abnormal (MBI score >30) a. 19% Mild (MBI score 31–40) b. 29% Moderate (MBI score 41–60) c. 34% Severe (MBI score 61–80) |
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| 16. Aldrees et al. [29] | Saudi Arabia | 348 | 74.0 | Males (72.0%) and females (28.0%) | Consultants (54.0%), residents (46.0%) | Number of years in practice, worked concurrently in the private sectors |
54.0 | 35.0 | 33.0 |
| 17. Al-Sareai et al. [38] | Saudi Arabia | 370 | 94.9 | Males (81.9%) and females (18.1%) | Primary health care doctors: residents (98.1%), specialists (1.4%), consultants (0.5%) | Number of working days, age and nationality |
29.5 | 15.7 | 19.7 |
| 18. Al-Imam and Al-Sobayel [33] | Saudi Arabia | 119 | 72.4 | Males (37.0%) and females (63.0%) | Physiotherapists | Workload, control, reward, fairness, values | 42.0 | 33.6 | 28.5 |
| 19. Al-Dubai and Rampal [27] | Yemen | 563 | 70.4 | Males (59.5%) and females (40.5%) | Doctors: specialists (30.0%), non-specialists (70.0%) |
Long working hours, work-life balance, dealing with patients, and not chewing Khat | 63.2 | 19.4 | 33.0 |
Note DP denotes Depersonalization, EE denotes Emotional Exhaustion, NR denotes Not Reported, PA denotes Personal Accomplishment