Fig. 4.

Ibrutinib induces autophagy in GBM cells by targeting the Akt/mTOR pathway. (a) Western blot analysis of p-BTK,BTK, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-p70S6K, p70S6K, p-ULK1, ULK1 and GAPDH levels in LN229 and U87 cells following a 24-h treatment with increasing concentrations of ibrutinib. (b) After the cells were treated with ibrutinib for 24 h in the presence or absence of pcDNA3-CA-Akt plasmid, the cells were treated with ibrutinib (10 μM) for 24 h, and p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, LC3A/B, and GAPDH levels were evaluated by western blotting. (c) p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, LC3A/B, and GAPDH levels determined by western blotting in LN229 and U87 cells pretreated with LY294002 and then treated with ibrutinib for 24 h