Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of the study population

	Enhanced antibiotic de-escalation (n = 144)	Routine antibiotic management (n = 139)	P value
Age	61 (52, 70)	60 ([45, 71)	0.494
Gender
Male	79 (54.9)	80 (57.6)	0.648
Female	65 (45.1)	59 (42.4)
Race
Caucasian	87 (60.4)	82 (59.0)	0.523
African American	50 (34.7)	54 (38.8)
Other	7 (4.0)	3 (2.1)
APACHE II score	22.7 ± 7.3	21.7 ± 7.8	0.262
Charlson Comorbidity Index	2.0 (1.0, 4.8)	2.0 (1.0, 5.0)	0.744
Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score	7.2 ± 2.6	7.3 ± 2.4	0.730
Congestive heart failure	22 (15.3)	10 (14)	0.701
Chronic obstructive lung disease	42 (29.2)	41 (29.5)	0.951
Interstitial lung disease	6 (4.2)	5 (3.6)	0.804
Cirrhosis	8 (5.6)	6 (4.3)	0.631
Diabetes	41 (28.5)	48 (34.5)	0.272
End-stage renal disease	11 (7.6)	7 (5.0)	0.370
Malignancy	35 (24.3)	39 (28.1)	0.473
HIV	2 (1.4)	4 (2.9)	0.385
Solid organ transplant	5 (3.5)	4 (2.9)	0.776
Home steroids	20 (13.9)	27 (19.4)	0.211
Other home immunosuppressant	16 (11.1)	15 (10.8)	0.931
Admission source
Home	58 (40.3)	46 (33.1)	0.213
Transfer from another hospital	38 (26.3)	38 (27.3)
Transfer from lower level of care	30 (20.8)	36 (25.9)
Nursing home/skilled nursing	10 (6.9)	12 (8.6)
Lateral ICU transfer	2 (1.4)	6 (4.3)
Long-term acute care hospital	2 (1.4)	1 (0.7)
Inpatient rehabilitation facility	4 (2.8)	0 (0.0)
Prior hospitalization
Within 6 months	74 (51.4)	69 (49.6)	0.769
Never or not within 6 months	70 (48.6)	70 (50.4)
Prior antibiotic exposure
Within prior 30 days	76 (52.8)	64 (46.0)	0.257
Not within prior 30 days	68 (47.2)	75 (54.0)

Values expressed as median (interquartile range), mean ± standard deviation, or number (percent). APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, HIV human immune deficiency virus, ICU intensive care unit