. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 30.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017 May 30;25(7):1206–1216. doi: 10.1002/oby.21864

Table 3.

Changes in body composition, physical activity (PA) and energy expenditure (EE) variables across quartiles of change in daily steps after intervention.

Variables		Quartiles, change in number of steps.day⁻¹
		Q1 (n=24)			Q2 (n=24)			Q3 (n=24)			Q4 (n=24)
		Mean	SD		Mean	SD		Mean	SD		Mean	SD
Steps	(steps. Day⁻¹)	−1,419	± 1,148	*2,3,4, ^	406	± 351	*1,3,4, ^	1,618	± 322	*1,2,4, ^	3,446	± 1,833	*1,2,3, ^
Group	(RYGB+EX/RYGB)	14/10			10/14			10/14			12/12
TDPA	(min. day⁻¹)	19.64	± 66.22	3,4	54.08	± 55.60	4, ^*	82.96	± 49.95	1,4,^*	131.86	± 89.48	1,2,3,^*
MVPA	(min. day⁻¹)	−7.00	± 14.16	*2,3,4, ^	17.38	± 21.43	1,4, ^*	19.39	± 14.15	1,4, ^*	47.59	± 40.02	1,2,3, ^*
NEPA^d	(min. day⁻¹)	11.76	± 73.46	4	39.70	± 59.91	4^*	72.32	± 52.92	4^*	144.61	± 130.0	1,2,3 ^*
LightPA	(min. day⁻¹)	26.76	± 66.04	4, ^*	36.54	± 45.26	4, ^*	63.61	± 49.23	^*	84.41	± 62.76	1,2, ^*
Sed	(min. day⁻¹)	−10.04	± 107.3	4	−51.17	± 55.85	4, ^*	−82.00	± 53.81	^*	−125.23	± 93.51	1,2, ^*
TDEE^b	(kcal.day⁻¹)	−461.60	± 52.49	*3,4, ^	−337.31	8 ± 51.97	^*	−233.05	± 359.1	1, ^*	−205.07	± 56.04	1, ^*
PAEE^a	(kcal.day⁻¹)	−156.7	± 50.37	*3,4, ^	9.98	± 48.08	4,	133.5	± 49.2	1,4, ^*	361.9	± 51.51	1,2,3, ^*
LightEE^a	(kcal.day⁻¹)	−63.10	± 31.79	*3,4, ^	−26.18	; ± 30.35	4,	69.50	± 31.08	1, ^*	123.87	± 32.51	1,2, ^*
MVEE^a	(kcal.day⁻¹)	−93.56	± 30.82	*2,3,4, ^	36.17	± 29.42	1,4	64.05	± 30.13	*1,4, ^	238.02	± 31.52	*1,2,3, ^
RMR^c	(kcal.day⁻¹)	−20.34	± 59.06		−52.73	± 58.57		−119.42	± 54.73	^*	−124.68	± 61.18	^*
PAL		−0.249	± 0.248	*3,4, ^	−0.169	± 0.268	^*	−0.025	± 0.266	1	−0.027	± 0.416	1
Energy Intake^a	(kcal.day⁻¹)	2450	± 57.8		2335	± 56.3		2349	± 54.1		2299	±60.5

Q, quartile; TDPA, total daily physical activity; NEPA, non-exercise physical activity (NEPA = TDPA − (min/week of exercise)/7); MVPA, moderate vigorous physical activity; PAEE, indicate total daily PA energy expenditure; RMR, resting metabolic rate; Light, daily energy expenditure of daily PA; TDEE, total daily energy expenditure; PAL, physical activity level (TDEE/RMR).

Differences adjusted to Randomization time, pre intervention weight/FM/FFM and age.

RMR changes adjusted to estimated RMR from a specific equation with pre intervention data (RMR = 2.24 × FM + 26.77 × FFM − 5.45 × Age −174 × Race + 449) and randomization time.

TDEE changes adjusted to estimated TDEE from a specific equation with pre intervention data (TDEE = 199.71 + 44.588 × FFM (kg) + 152.46 × (F = 1, M = 0)).

1, 2, 3, 4; indicate significant differences with first, second, third and fourth quartile (P<0.05). A main effect was found in all groups where multiple comparisons were performed.

indicates a significant change between pre and post intervention periods for that individual quartile (P<0.05).