Table 2.
Comparison of characteristics between the survived and deceased groups
| Factor | Survived group (n = 22) |
Deceased group (n = 14) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 13 (59.1) | 13 (92.9) | 0.054 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 9.2 ± 5.3 | 10.0 ± 5.7 | 0.663 |
| Underlying disorders | 0.294 | ||
| Acute myeloid leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Severe aplastic anemia Neuroblastoma Lymphoma Severe combined immune deficiency |
12 (54.5) 6 (27.3) 3 (13.6) 1 (4.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) |
3 (21.4) 6 (42.9) 2 (14.3) 1 (7.1) 1 (7.1) 1 (7.1) |
|
| Remission state of underlying malignancya | 0.199 | ||
| Complete remission Non-complete remission |
7 (36.8) 12 (63.2) |
1 (9.1) 10 (90.9) |
|
| Administered therapy preceding bacteremia | 0.123 | ||
| Induction chemotherapy Re-induction chemotherapy Consolidation chemotherapy Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation Palliative chemotherapy Noneb |
2 (9.1) 8 (36.4) 6 (27.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (9.1) 2 (9.1) 2 (9.1) |
0 (0.0) 5 (35.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (7.1) 2 (14.3) 5 (35.7) 1 (7.1) |
|
| Central venous catheter | 0.318 | ||
| Hickman catheter Subcutaneously implanted chemoport None |
17 (77.3) 3 (13.6) 2 (9.1) |
10 (71.4) 4 (28.6) 0 (0.0) |
|
| Polymicrobial infection | 4 (18.2) | 5 (35.7) | 0.267 |
| Breakthrough infection | 2 (9.1) | 6 (42.9) | 0.036 |
| Local infection | 15 (68.2) | 11 (78.6) | 0.706 |
| Gastrointestinal tract infection Respiratory tract infection Skin and soft tissue infection Catheter site infection |
9 (40.9) 4 (18.2) 5 (22.7) 2 (9.1) |
6 (42.9) 7 (50.0) 2 (14.3) 0 (0.0) |
0.908 0.067 0.681 0.511 |
| Empirical antibiotic therapy | 0.008 | ||
| Piperacillin/tazobactam with aminoglycoside Meropenem Cefepime Cefepime with aminoglycoside Meropenem with aminoglycoside |
13 (59.1) 4 (18.2) 3 (13.6) 2 (9.1) 0 (0.0) |
3 (21.4) 10 (71.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (7.1) |
|
| Empirical combination antibiotic therapy | 15 (68.2) | 4 (28.6) | 0.039 |
| Appropriateness of empirical antibiotics | |||
| Overall β-lactam agents |
21 (95.5) 16 (72.7) |
9 (64.3) 8 (57.1) |
0.024 0.471 |
| Fever duration (days), median (range) | 2 (1–53) | 4 (1–14) | 0.713 |
| Complications Hypoxia Shock Mechanical ventilator care Renal dysfunction Hepatic dysfunction |
4 (18.2) 2 (9.1) 3 (13.6) 2 (9.1) 1 (4.5) 0 (0.0) |
13 (92.9) 12 (85.7) 10 (71.4) 6 (42.9) 7 (50.0) 4 (28.6) |
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.036 0.003 0.017 |
| Multidrug-resistant strain infections | 4 (18.2) | 9 (64.3) | 0.005 |
SD, standard deviation
aRemission state of underlying malignancy was determined in 30 children except those with non-malignant underlying disorders
bThree children with severe aplastic anemia had not received any therapy prior to the development of bacteremia