Figure 2.

Mitochondrial genetic diversity, represented as average pairwise difference of COI barcodes, in relation to census population size in humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos compared to a well‐characterized set of birds (Stoeckle and Thaler 2014). Mitochondrial genetic diversity in humans is about 0.1%, less than that of many bird species, despite having more than 10‐fold greater population than the most abundant bird in this dataset. Chimpanzees and bonobos have much smaller population sizes than humans, but conspicuously higher diversity, consistent with reproductively isolated subgroups.