Figure 3.

Maps of the native ranges of the four species in North America (A) and presence data in Western Europe for each species: Acer negundo in blue (B), Prunus serotina in red (C), Quercus rubra in green (D), and Robinia pseudoacacia in yellow (E). In the native range (A), gray indicates the background used in the study corresponding to the North American geographical boundaries excluding the Tundra biome (Olson et al. 2001). In the invasive range, gray corresponds to pseudo‐absence data created with a buffer zone (white) around presence data with well‐established spatial coverage (France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Flanders, the Netherlands, and Germany) or to true absence (in Italy). Countries that are not included in the analysis are presented in white. Data sources are presented in Table S2.