Fig 5. Effect of AE on the palmitate-induced decrease in GLP-1R and increase in DPP-4.

β cells were incubated for 24 h with or without palmitate and AE treatment, and then analyzed using Western blot. The protein levels of (A) GLP-1R and (B) DPP-4 were calculated as a percentage compared to the control group. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3) and analyzed using ANOVA. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, compared to the controls. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, compared to palmitate treatment.