Table 5.

Delivery of stem cells by natural protein-based materials [277].

Structurea	Cell Type	Active Co- Biomoleculea	Animal Modela	Reference
		Collagen
Agarose-mixed beads	Adults mesenchymal stem cells	n/a	n/a	[288]
Electronspun nanofibers	Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells	n/a	n/a	[289]
GAG-crosslinked scaffold	Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells	n/a	Rat myocardial infarction	[290]
		Gelatin
Porous disks (Surgiforam®)	Adult human adipose-derived adult stem cells	TGF-β1	n/a	[291]
Porous sponge (Gelfoam®)	Adult human mesenchymal stem cells	n/a	Osteochondral defect in the rabbit femoral condyle	[292]
Gelatin added with modified hyaluornic acid hydrogel	Rabbit bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells	n/a	Rabbit osteochondral knee joint	[293]
	Engineered Hydrogel
Peptide amphiphilesb	Unselected bone-marrow mononuclear cells	n/a	FVB/N-Tg(β-actin-luc)-Xen mice	[332]
MAX1c	C3H10t1/2 stem cells	n/a	n/a	[333]
MAX8c
DnLsd	Adult human mesenchymal stem cells	n/a	n/a	[334]
SHIELDe	Adult human adipose-derived adult stem cells	n/a	Athymic nude mice	[335]

^aAbbreviations: DnLs: dock-and-lock systems, SHIELD: shear-thinning hydrogel for injectable encapsulation and long-term delivery, TGF: transforming growth factor.

^bRGDS: C₁₆-V₃A₃K₃RGDS, Scrambled: C₁₆-V₃A₃K₃DGSR, K₃ diluent: C₁₆-V₃A₃K₃, R₃ diluent: C₁₆-V₃A₃R₃, E₃ diluent: C₁₆-V₃A₃E₃; C₁₆ 16-carbon alky segment.

^cSequences: MAX1: VKVKVKVKV^DP^LPTKVKVKVKV-NH₂, MAX8: VKVKVKVKV^DP^LPTKVEVKVKV-NH₂.

^dAnchoring domain: ESESLIEEAASRIVDAVIEQVKSESECGGG, Dimerization and docking domain: MHHHHHHDPSHIQIPPGLTELLQGYVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA(RGDGPEGKGDGPEG)₄RGDGPEGSHIQIPPGLTELLQGYTVEVLRQQPPDLVEFAVEYFTRLREARA.

^eC7 linear protein: CC43 WW domain [RLPAGWEQRMDVKGRPYFVDHVTKSTTWEDPRPE], Hydrophilic spacer [(AGAGAGPEG)₂], Cell-binding site [RGDSAGPEG]; P1: EYPPYPPPPYPSGC[344].