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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2016 Dec 15;15:36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.coche.2016.11.007

Figure 1. Regulation of PSC fate and maturation by metabolites and metabolic pathways.

Figure 1

Epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in maintaining the pluripotent state of PSCs. For example, histone methylation and acetylation is affected by specific metabolites. Stem cells also show increased abundance of unsaturated metabolites and inhibition of the eicosanoid pathway can assist in maintenance of pluripotency. During differentiation, metabolism shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation or fatty acid oxidation accompanied by a reduction in unsaturated metabolites. Metabolic pathway regulation can drive maturation of hPSC-CMs and hPSC-derived hepatocytes. Abbrev. SAM: S-adenosyl methionine, NNMT: Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase, 1-MN: 1-methylnicotinamide, CoA: coenzyme A, CM: cardiomyocyte