Figure 3.

Mechanisms related to the positive and adverse effects of alcohol on cardiovascular conditions, such as coronary heart disease and stroke as well as cardiomyopathy. Different mechanisms may be in effect depending on the dose, duration, and pattern of alcohol consumption.

NOTE: BP = blood pressure, Ca²⁺ = calcium, CRP = C-reactive protein, DM = diabetes mellitus, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

SOURCE: Adapted from Krenz and Korthuis 2012.