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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Neurobiol. 2017 Feb 22;77(8):975–994. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22485

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of photoperiodic manipulations on plasma testosterone concentrations (A), left testis volumes (B), and volumes of song control nuclei HVC, RA and Area X (C) in male starlings. Testosterone concentrations were measured before (Pre) and at the end (Post) of the experiment. Nuclei volumes are the average left and right nuclei. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis non parametric ANOVA followed when significant by post-hoc tests. Pre and Post concentrations of testosterone were also compared within each group by Wilcoxon tests. *= p<0.05, ***=p<0.001, #=p<0.10.