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. 2017 Jul 18;8:477. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00477

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Copyright © 2017 Escajadillo, Olson, Luk, Zhang and Nizet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RBC nanosponges reduce GAS SLO-induced apoptosis and inflammasome activation in macrophages. Treatment with RBC-derived nanosponges reduced WT GAS induced macrophage apoptosis as measured by caspase-3 cleavage (A) and activity assays (B) performed in murine J774 macrophages, as well as TUNEL assay in human THP1 monocytes (C). Treatment with RBC-derived nanosponges reduced GAS SLO-induced inflammasome activation measured by caspase-1 activity in human THP1 mononcytes (D) and IL-1β secretion in J774 macrophages (E). Results are from experiments performed in triplicate, and reported as mean ± SEM from at least three experiments.